Suberites lambei Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa & G, 2014, n. sp.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Suberites lambei n. sp. Fig. 22 A–E Etymology. Named for Lawrence M. Lambe of the Geological Society of Canada who described many sponges from western Canada and Alaska during the period 1893–1895. Synonomy. Laxosuberites sp.? of Austin & Ott (1987) Material examined. Holotype: RBCM 982-66-1, George Fraser I., Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 54.5′N, 125º 30.8′W), low littoral, Jul. 29, 1976, coll. W.C. Austin. Paratype: CMNI 2009-0028, KML 1103, KML sta.141/84, Skedans, BC, (56o 6.2′N, 131o 13.1′W), littoral, Jul. 4, 1984, coll. W.C. Austin. Other material: KML 1078, PEI 38, Chatham Sd., BC, (approx. 54º 22'N, 130º 35'W), no depth, no date, coll. M. LeBlanc, 1 specimen; KML 1076, KML sta. 621/77, Rennell Sd., Haida Gwaii, BC, (approx. 53º 23'N, 132º 32'W), no depth, no date, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1064, Sivart Rock, Haida Gwaii, BC, (approx. 52º 32'N, 131º 36'W), 11 m depth, Feb. 12, 1967, coll. D.B. Quayle; KML 1077, KML sta. 589/77, Woodruff Bay, Haida Gwaii, BC, (51º 58.8'N 131º 02'W), littoral, no date, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1074, KML sta. 145/76, Drum Rock, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 53.5'N, 125º 23.3'W), low littoral, Aug. 8, 1976, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1067A, KML 45/76, Ross Islets, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 52.4'N, 125º 09.5'W), no depth, no date, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1072, KML sta. 72/72, Cree I., Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 52.2'N, 125º 19.9'W), low littoral, no date, coll. W.C. Austin; KML 1067, KML sta. 163/72, Dixon I., Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 51.2'N, 125º 07.4'W), 9 m depth, Jul. 17, 1972, coll. W.C. Austin, 2 specimens; RBCM 973-5-1, Helby I., Barkley Sd., BC, (approx. 48º 51'N, 125º 10'W), no depth, 1973, coll. P. Lambert; RBCM 977-160-17, Hussar Pt., Nigei I., BC, (approx. 48º 51'N, 127º 39'W), no depth, no date; KML 1071, KML sta. 143/75, off Self Point, Helby I., Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 50.9'N, 125º 09.6'W), 8 m depth, Jul. 14, 1975, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1068, KML sta. 113/71, Nudibranch Point, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 49.9'N, 125º 10.4'W), low littoral, no date, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1070, KML sta. 252/76, S of Blow Hole, Mills Peninsula, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 49.3'N, 125º 09.8'W), 10 m depth, Nov. 4, 1976, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1079, KML sta. 48/84, Blue Stone Cave, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 49.3'N, 125º 09.8'W), mid-littoral pool, Jul. 12, 1984, coll. & photo W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1073, KML sta. 138A/75, Bordelais Islets, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 49.1'N, 125º 02.7'W), low littoral, Jul. 12, 1975, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1065, KML sta. 184/75, Gowan Point, Pender I., BC, (48º 49'N, 123º 19'W), low littoral, May 25, 1975, coll. & photo W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1062, KML sta. 80/73, Execution Rock Cave, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 48.8'N, 125º 19.6'W), low littoral, May 5, 1973, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; KML 1066A, KML sta. 164G/75, Execution Rock Cave, Barkley Sd., BC, (48º 48.8'N, 125º 10.6'W), low littoral, no date, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; RBCM 973-24-10, Wain Rock, Saanich Inlet, BC, (48º 41.2'N, 123º 2.4'W), littoral, Apr. 4, 1973, coll. W.C. Austin; KML 1066, KML sta. 35/69, Botanical Beach, Port Renfrew, BC, (48º 31.0'N, 124º 33.3'W), May 5, 1969, coll. W.C. Austin; KML 1069, KML sta.125E/75, Cape Flattery Cave, Washington, (48º 23.0'N, 124º 43.5'W), low littoral, Jun. 25, 1975, coll. W.C. Austin, 1 specimen; RBCM 975-97-1, San Juan Trail, Sooke, BC, (approx. 48º 21'N, 123º 44'W), no depth, Mar. 1, 1975, coll. J. Edwards; KML 1063 & 1079A, KML sta. 86/90, North of Cambria, central California, (35º 34.8'N, 121º 07.1'W), low littoral, Dec. 31, 1990, coll. W.C. Austin., 1 specimen. Description. Macroscopic features. (Fig. 22 A, B). Cushion-shaped, typically 6 cm x 8 cm x 2 cm thick but may be 0.6¬ 6 cm thick. Surface either papillate or smooth; holotype without papillae. Two to a few 1–2 mm diameter oscula flush with and scattered over the surface in preserved material. Firm rubbery consistency; velvety to the touch. Colour alive brownish yellow. Microscopic features. (Fig. 22 C) Ectosome about 200 µm thick; supported by vertically aligned tylostyles. Ectosome not sharply demarcated from the choanosome which contains tylostyles without any apparent orientation. Spicules. Megascleres exclusively tylostyles, heads spherical, shaft straight or slightly bent, apices long and gradually pointed. KML 1079 (Blue Stone Cave, with papillae) Holotype: RBCM: 982-66-1 (George Fraser I., without papillae) Remarks. The range in form from thin crusts to thick cushions, while marked, is less than the polymorphism described by Topsent (1900) in the NE Atlantic Suberites carnosus (Johnston 1842) as encrusting (S. carnosus incrustans); lobed (S. carnosus depressus), digitate with the digits forming branches (S. carnosus flavus), ramose long subcylinders here and there anastomosing (S. carnosus ramosus), bulbous and pedunculate or sessile (S. carnosus typicus). The presence or absence of papillae in thin forms is not obviously correlated with any environmental character. We compared Suberites lambei n. sp. with other species in the temperate north Pacific. The key feature which sets this species apart from others in the NE Pacific is the width of the tylostyles which averages 13–15 µm with extremes of 25–27 and 30 µm. However, we have found two specimens which do not have any spicules more than 17.5 µm wide. Lambe (1895) briefly described a specimen with spicules averaging 16 µm in thickness from southern Alaska. However, based on his drawing and description of a long oval head, the megascleres are subtylostyles rather than tylostyles which precludes it from belonging to S. lambei. Lambe doubtfully referred his specimen to S. montiniger Carter, 1880. Koltun (1966) pointed out that the megascleres are much thicker (16 µm) than in S. montiniger (3–6 µm, rarely 10 µm in diameter) and must belong to some other species. Other reports of massive encrusting Suberites sp. from central and southern California (Hartman 1975, Bakus & Green 1987, Lee et al. 2007) described the spicules as tylostyles over the range 160–(384)–580 µm x 2 –(7)–14 or 15 µm. We have found large encrusting Suberites with thick (max. 20 µm) tylostyles from Cambria, central California which we tentatively assign to S. lambei with the suggestion that spicules at lower latitudes may be thinner (e.g., Hentschel 1929, Hartman 1958). Suberites japonicus (Thiele, 1898) has tylostyles up to 21 µm wide but these tylostyles may be 1 mm long according to Koltun (1966). Thiele (1898) in the original description reported larger tylostyles as about 800 µm long and 12 µm wide. Tanita (1963) recorded large tylostyles as 460–980 µm long x 10–15 µm wide while Hoshino (1981) recorded large tylostyles from 560–(730)–815 µm x 7 –(10)–12 µm. In any event the tylostyles of S. japonicus are much longer than those of S. lambei. Conclusions. Suberites lambei is a distinct, recognizable species based on the shape, length and thickness of the tylostyles. The presence or absence of papillae could be genetic or ecophenotypic. Bathymetric range. Low littoral to 10 m depth. Geographic distribution. Sivalt I., Queen Charlotte I. (BC) to Cambria (central California). Note: there is a gap in records for Oregon and northern California. Ecology. Typically occurs in the low intertidal on exposed rock surfaces in areas of wave surge. However, a population has been found in a tidepool in the upper intertidal within a cave. These sponges are contractile. Two specimens lost 53% and 63% of their volume over 10 hours in cool air. The nudibranch Doris montereyensis (Cooper 1862) has been observed feeding on S. lambei.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".