TREND: World Bank. World Development Indicators: Public Sector | Country: Canada | Socioeconomic Indicator: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes), 1990 - 2018. Data Planet™ Statistical Datasets: A SAGE Publishing Resource Dataset-ID: 051-001-044
Bibliographic record
Abstract
World Bank. World Development Indicators: Public Sector | Country: Canada | Socioeconomic Indicator: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes), 1990 - 2018. Data Planet™ Statistical Datasets: A SAGE Publishing Resource Dataset-ID: 051-001-044 Dataset: The 146 Public Sector indicators include metrics on defense and arms trade; government finance (eg, deficit and financing, expenses, and revenue and taxes); and policy and institutions (eg, ratings of corruption, rules of law, government effectiveness, competitiveness, market efficiency, accountability, etc.) For World Bank definitions of each indicator included here, see http://statisticaldatasets.data-planet.com/DSCites/WDIPU.pdf The World Bank provides broad and open access to a comprehensive set of internationally comparable national-level data on development and conditions of people’s lives in nations around the world, as an aid to policymakers and researchers, and to those monitoring progress toward the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml ). The time series provided here contains over 1,100 indicators covering 213 economies. Data include indicators of education, environment, economic, financial, infrastructure, health, labor and social protection, poverty, private sector and trade, and public sector development of the world's nations. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators Category: Government and Politics, International Relations and Trade Subject: Tax Collections, Corruption, Budget Deficits, Public Sector, Public Finance, Accountability, Rule of Law, Markets, Defense Spending Source: World Bank Founded in 1944 as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference, the World Bank is an independent specialized agency of the United Nations that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries in order to foster economic growth and reduce poverty. Today, the World Bank Group comprises five institutions owned by 187 member countries: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which focuses on middle-income and creditworthy poor countries; the International Development Association (IDA), which focuses on least developed countries; the International Finance Corporation (IFC); the Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA); and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). http://www.worldbank.org/
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.044 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.109 | 0.112 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".