Protein protein interaction and biomarkers in coronary artery disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The epidemiological data shows that Coronary heart disease (CHD) is now the leading cause of death worldwide. An estimated 3.8 million men and 3.4 million women die each year from this disease. CHD affects blood vessels supplying the heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients. The primary cause of CHD is atherosclerosis (the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the build-up of fatty material and plaque) that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle. The reduced or cut-off blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle can result in angina, heart attack and lead to heart failure and arrhythmias. It is estimated that 80-90% of people dying from CHD have one of the major risk factors that are influenced by lifestyle. The major risk factors of CHD include: hypertension, raised serum lipids, smoking, diabetes mellitus, diet, physical activity, obesity, age, family history of CHD, gender, ethnicity and other modifiable risk factors. CHD can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle and by controlling conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. The treatment for CHD includes medications such as aspirin and statin. Furthermore, PCSK9 inhibitor, evolocumab (Repatha) has been shown to significantly lower the risk of heart attack as well as stroke in people with cardiovascular disease. The complications linked with coronary artery disease include chest pain (angina) due to decreased blood flow and shortness of breath, heart attack from a complete blockage, heart failure and abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). The classic signs and symptoms of a heart attack include crushing pressure in chest and pain in shoulder and arm and sweating. The objective of this project was to obtain visual summary of protein-protein interactions that are involved in CHD through bioinformatics approach. Biomarkers of CHD are a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of CHD and can help improve patient care. The organizations affiliated with the care and research for CHD includes Cardiac Health Foundation of Canada, Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Cardiovascular Society and Heart Research Institute.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".