Study on Treatment of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water Using A Bioreactor Process Train
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With rapid development of Canadian Oil Sands industry, concerns about adverse impacts of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) on aquatic resources are magnified. It has been found that biological process for removing organic chemicals in the oil industrial wastewater is environmentally friendly and economical. However, the application of conventional biological treatment to complex industrial wastewater has been hindered by the sensitivity of microorganisms to salinity and toxic recalcitrant organics, which are present in OSPW. In this work, a novel bioreactor process train was proposed, designed, fabricated and investigated for OSPW treatment.Firstly, a comprehensive literature review about bioreactors with an emphasis on their performance in treating recalcitrant industrial wastewaters was conducted to screen the potential ones for OSPW treatment. Two sets of bench scale experiments were performed on biodegradation of raw OSPW and HiPOx-treated OSPW to cultivate proper seed for inoculating selected bioreactors. The promising results from those batch studies suggested that bioreactors with proper seed had the capacity of removing the biodegradable organics in OSPW and chemical oxidation process was useful and necessary for OSPW treatment. Based on the literature review and bench scale studies, a novel bioreactor process train was proposed for treating OSPW, which was composed of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for removing easily biodegradable organics at first, ozonation followed for decomposing the remaining recalcitrant organics, membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) for degradation of decomposed organics and adsorption column for the removal of residual organics in OSPW.Then, the selected bioreactors were designed, fabricated and continuously operated over 2 years. The entire operation was divided into different phases according to different influent composition and hydraulic retention time (HRT). To evaluate the performance of the bioreactor process train, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid extractable fraction (AEF) measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) were applied in this study. When the state of the bioreactor process train was stable, MBBR removed 23% of COD and 16% of AEF from OSPW at HRT of 3 days. With the utilized dose of 35 mg/L of ozone, the biodegradability of MBBR effluent increased. At the same HRT, reductions of 44% COD and 24% AEF in MABR were achieved. After adsorption column, the average COD and AEF in the effluent of the process train was 17 mg/L and 2.9 mg/L, respectively. Lastly, the demonstrated effective removal of chemical organics in OSPW present by this bioreactor process train inspired us to investigate the internal structure and microbial community of the biofilm inside each bioreactor by utilizing microsensor and molecular biological techniques together. It was found that nitrification and denitrification process existed in MBBR and MABR. Sulfate reduction process only existed in MABR biofilm, which was consistent with the H2S profile measured by H2S microsensor. The diversity of microbial community in the biofilm from MABR was higher than that in the biofilm from MBBR, which might explain the better performance on AEF removal in MABR. The influent composition and HRT were two main factors affecting the abundance and diversity of microbial communities inside bioreactors. Both bioreactors captured and enriched some specific microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Falvobacterium and Rhodobacter, which showed great resistance to the harsh environment and the capability of degrading naphthenic acids in OSPW. Bioaugmentation happening inside MBBR and MABR made the biodegradation of recalcitrant organic chemicals in OSPW faster and reclamation of tailings pond promising.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".