Regulatory Recommendations For Quebec's Utica Shale Gas Play To Ensure The Significant Environmental Risks Associated With Hydraulic Fracturing Are Addressed Properly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unconventional shale gas plays are becoming commercial in various locations across North America, with one of the newest plays known as the ‘Utica shale’ being found in the province of Quebec. The Utica is a shale gas formation that will require the implementation of hydraulic fracturing. In Quebec the future of the Utica’s development is largely unclear because of the significant concern and public opposition over hydraulic fracturing procedures. In March of 2011 the province of Quebec placed a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing until a thorough strategic environmental assessment is completed. This paper examines the significant environmental risks associated with hydraulic fracturing and proposes regulatory suggestions for how the province of Quebec should mitigate theses risks in their Utica shale gas play. A precautionary approach to hydraulic fracturing is recommended in this paper to ensure that best practices are implemented and that the adverse affects associated with hydraulic fracturing are mitigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.072 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".