Magnetic and Dielectric Loaded Miniaturized Ultra-Wide Band Spiral Antenna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper proposes a miniaturized Ultra-wide band Circularly Polarized Spiral Antenna for L/S/C/X/Ku-Band Interferometer based Direction Finding application. The spiral antenna utilizes a wide band microstrip balun to achieve impedance matching over multi-octave frequency band (1-18 GHz) by employing magnetic loading to absorb spurious radiation, achieving a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) less than 2:1. The antenna configuration incorporates a cavity structure to convert the Bi-directional radiation pattern to the Uni-directional radiation pattern. The cavity is loaded with a microwave absorber to suppress unwanted radiations, destructive interference between the backward waves and to absorb the back lobe, thereby achieving a symmetric radiation pattern with a good axial ratio of less than 2.5 dB over ultrawide bandwidth. Shaped dielectric loading is used on expanding outer spiral arms to improve the operational frequency bandwidth and the boresight radiation pattern at low frequency end. The simulated antenna performance was validated through measurement and is in good agreement with each other. The proposed design is a potential candidate for Direction Finding based on the Base Line Interferometer (BLI) technique for Electronic Warfare (EW) systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".