Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eggs of Controcaecum rudolphii obtained from female worms in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Nova Scotia, Canada, hatched in 9-17 days in sea water at 15-20 °C. The newly-emerged, free-living (and presumably second-stage) larva is described in detail, as are larvae from experimentally-infected copepods (Tigriopus sp.), amphipods (Gammarus sp.), and fish (Lebistes reticulatus, Fundulus heteroclitus). Copepods are considered precursor hosts and morphogenesis of the parasite in them primarily involved body size, the ventricular appendix, and the excretory system. Infection of amphipods and fish was much more successful when invading larvae were from copepods than when they were free living; amphipods served as paratenic hosts and fish as intermediates. In fish, second-stage larvae 20 or fewer days postinfection were within the intestinal wall. At 44 or more days postinfection, larvae were considered third stage; all were in the abdominal cavity, many within a closely adhering « sleeve » of material resembling cuticle. The longest larvae (3,1-3.9 mm) in fish were associated with the oldest infection (152 d), suggesting that larvae continue to grow for a considerable period of time; growth was also found to be asynchronous, however.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".