Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Moġūl military chief Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥaydar Duġlāt first made a campaign in Kashmir in the late autumn of 1532 CE as a chief commander of Sulṭān Sa'īd Hān of the Moġūlistān Khanate, and stayed in the valley until that following spring. Seven years later, in 1540, Mīrzā Ḥaydar set forth again from Lahore to conquer Kashmir in response to an invitation by Kashmiri indigenous potentates. After taking control in early 1541, he spent his last ten years in the valley. Mīrzā Ḥaydar's first campaign and days of de facto rule with a puppet sulṭān were recorded by four Sanskrit and Persian sources from Kashmir, which were composed beginning in the early sixteenth century until the first quarter of the seventeenth century. This paper provides a Japanese translation of these four sources from Kashmir that refer to Mīrzā Ḥaydar's activity in the valley, demonstrating new findings that have not been discussed in previous studies, as follows : 1) the Rājatarangiṇī of Śuka contributes to restoring the route in Kashmir that the Moġūls took over during the 1532-33 campaign, and identifying the location where the Moġūls and Kashmiri troops battled. 2) The Appendix B and the Bahāristan-i Šāhī describe Mīrzā Ḥaydar's unstable sovereignty over indigenous potentates in the early 1540s. In addition, the latter source further narrates an episode of his compromising attitude toward the Nūrbahšiyya owing to his unstable sovereignty. 3) The Tārīh-i Kašmīr of Sayyid 'Alī and the Bahāristan-i Šāhī both provided the date of Mīrzā Ḥaydar's death : Ḏū al-Qa'da 7 or 8, 957 Hijri/November 17 or 18, 1550. This date is about one year earlier than the date of his death that has been generally accepted in previous studies as 958/1551.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".