Preschoolers’ communicative participation outcomes (Cunningham et al., 2018)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<b>Purpose: </b>The aim of this study was to identify predictors of communicative participation outcomes for a large cohort of preschoolers with speech and language impairments.<b>Method:</b> A secondary analysis of longitudinal program evaluation data from Ontario, Canada’s Preschool Speech and Language Program was done. Data available for 46,872 children 18–67 months of age (<i>M</i> = 41.76 months, <i>SD</i> = 11.92; 68% boys, 32% girls) were previously used to predict children’s communicative participation skill development in 5 levels of function. Demographic and intervention-based variables were added to the models to identify new predictors of growth.<b>Results: </b>Three demographic and 3 intervention-based variables were statistically significant predictors of children’s communicative participation outcomes. Clinically significant predictors included participation in an early learning environment, receipt of speech-language interventions, and the amount of time spent in intervention. These variables impacted predicted outcomes differently, depending on a child’s level of communicative function.<b>Conclusions: </b>This population-based study of preschoolers with speech and language impairments identified predictors of growth in communicative participation skills—an outcome important and meaningful to families but not often explored. A broad picture emerged of factors that may influence the development of communicative participation skills and may be used to predict outcomes for preschoolers. Given the large sample size, these robust findings may be used to predict outcomes outside the Preschool Speech and Language Program as well.<br><b>Supplemental Material S1. </b>Predicted coefficients for the fixed and random effects for children in each Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) level from the original growth curves study.<br>Cunningham, B. J., Hanna, S. E., Rosenbaum, P., Thomas-Stonell, N., & Oddson, B. (2018). Factors contributing to preschoolers’ communicative participation outcomes: Findings from a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Ontario, Canada. <i>American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 27, </i>737–750<i>. </i>https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_AJSLP-17-0079
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.158 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".