Consumption Inequality in Canada, 1997 to 2009
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We assess the evolution of consumption inequality in Canada over the years 1997 to 2009. We correct the imputation of shelter consumption for homeowners to allow for unobserved differences in housing quality correlated with selection into rental tenure, and we account for measurement error in this imputation. Using the Surveys of Household Spending 1997-2009, we find that household-level consumption inequality measured by the Gini coefficient increased from 0.251 to 0.275 over 1997 to 2006, and then declined to 0.264 by 2009. The Gini coefficient for individual level inequality similarly followed a hump-shaped pattern: it increased from 0.199 in 1997 to 0.216 in 2006, and then fell to 0.207 in 2009. In contrast, the Gini coefficient for household level income inequality followed a similar hump-shaped pattern, but the post-2006 decline was large enough to entirely wipe out pre-2006 increase. We also explore a possible correction for tail non-response bias in inequality measurement, and find that the increase in measured consumption inequality is robust to this correction. This dataset was originally deposited in the Simon Fraser University institutional repository.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it