The contribution of social support in predicting the presence of psychopathology following a traumatic brain injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context/Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be associated with diminished social support. A large body of literature also acknowledges that social support is a protective factor against a number of physical and psychological health problems. The objective of this study was to verify whether social support measured in the first few months following TBI contributes to predict the presence of mental health disorders one to two years post-injury, while controlling for pre-injury psychopathology and sociodemographic variables. Methods: Participants were adults aged 18-65 years having suffered from a mild to severe TBI and who were hospitalized at a Level I trauma centre in Canada. They were evaluated at six time points in the first four years following TBI. The current study included 163 individuals who completed an interview at the fourth assessment (two-year follow-up) (mean age = 41.17 u00b114.7 years; 74% men; 64% mild, 36% moderate/severe TBI). A validated self-report questionnaire assessed perceived social support (modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey; mMOS-SS) and a structured clinical interview assessed the presence of current and past (including pre-injury) Axis I psychopathology (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; SCID-IV). Disorders evaluated include major depression, adjustment disorder, anxiety and substance use disorders. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify whether selected demographic and clinical variables predicted the presence/absence of any mental disorder two years post-injury. Five variables were included in the model: age, sex, TBI severity, pre-injury psychopathology and perceived social support at 4 months post-TBI (mMOS-SS total score). Results: Complete data were available for 138 participants to perform the logistic regression. A comparison of the full to a constant-only model indicated that the model was statistically valid (u03c72 (4, N = 138) = 20.32, p< .001). A moderate fit was observed (pseudo-R2 Nagelkerke = 0.19). According to the Wald criterion, two variables contributed significantly to the prediction of the presence of mental health disorders two years post-injury: mMOS-SS total score at 4 months post-TBI (B = u2212 0.019, p= .041) and the presence of an Axis I disorder before the injury (B = 1.491, p< .001).Conclusion: As previously shown, TBI survivors with pre-accident psychopathology are more vulnerable to presenting mental health disorders later on. Moreover, even when accounting for the effects of pre-injury psychopathology, age, and sex, perceived social support measured at four months post-TBI makes a unique contribution to predict the presence of mental health disorders one to two years after the injury. Since social support may serve as a protective factor against the development of psychopathology, early interventions targeting social interactions (e.g. social cognition, social skills training) to consolidate or preserve social support could help prevent mental health problems in TBI survivors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".