15:05 - 15:20: Biomechanical behaviour of lizard osteoderms and skin under external loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biomechanical behaviour of lizard osteoderms and skin under external loading Loïc Kéver1, Olivier Damien2, Arsalan Marghoub3, Mehran Moazen3, Susan Evans3, Matthew K. Vickaryous 4, Arkhat Abzhanov5, Anthony Herrel 1,6 1National Museum of Natural History, France 2CONACyT Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, Mexico 3University College London, UK 4University of Guelph, Canada 5Imperial College London, UK 6Ghent University, Belgium Dermal bony plates also known as osteoderms are present in several distantly related vertebrate taxa and they are particularly common and diverse among extant lizards. Lizard osteoderms have classically been considered to be protective elements against predator attacks. However, empirical data supporting this hypothesis are scant and one of the basic questions pertaining to their diversity has never been addressed: are there interspecific differences in the deformation of lizard osteoderms under external loading? We sampled formalin fixed specimens from eleven species of lizards with osteoderms of different morphologies, instrumented one of the temporal osteoderms with a rectangular rosette strain gauge and loaded different areas of their head to better understand the mechanical responses of osteoderms to loading. Our goals were to 1) test whether loadings applied in different locations of the head (including on the instrumented osteoderm) generated strains in the instrumented osteoderm, 2) explore whether species differed in the relative stiffness of their osteoderm and skin and 3) provide insights into the morphological features and patterns of organization associated with variation in stiffness. We show that loading neighboring osteoderms can generate large strains in the instrumented osteoderm. Moreover, despite a large overlap between some species, the strains recorded showed interspecific differences in magnitude. Smaller strains were recorded in species with relatively thick osteoderms including Heloderma suspectum, H. horridum and Tiliqua rugosa.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".