The Rule of States Immunities and Countering Terrorism With Emphasis on The Crash of a Ukrainian Plane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rule of immunity of states and their property from the jurisdiction of domestic courts is a rule of customary international law and exceptions are set out in customary international law as well as in the 2004 United Nations Convention on Immunity but some countries, such as Canada, have begun efforts to add a new exception called terrorism by amending their former immunity law earlier this century. The crash of a passenger plane with P. S. 752 belonging to Ukraine in 3 January 2020 as a result of hitting two IRGC missiles has several legal issues, including the legal and criminal liability of the perpetrators and culprits of the accident, how to compensate damages, violation of obligations under international conventions, has created the international responsibility of the Iranian government and the possibility of litigation by survivors in domestic courts or litigation in the International Court of Justice. Subsequently, some survivors of the plane crash filed a lawsuit in Ontario and a sentence was handed down to Iran, citing the deliberate firing of a missile and its terrorist nature. In the area of government immunity, as well as the draft of the 2004 United Nation Immunity Convention and the attempt to implement the vote issued by the survivors, the rule of government immunity has faced a new challenge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".