A comparison of the fire suppression performance of compressed-air foam and foam-water sprinkler systems for Class B. hazards
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fixed pipe compressed-air foam (CAF) systems have been developed over the past decade through a research collaboration between the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) and the Department of National Defence. Prototype CAF systems have demonstrated, through full-scale testing [1-3], their superior fire suppression performance for controlling and extinguishing fires for a number of hazards, including flammable liquids. To date, however, no detailed comparison testing with other similar fire suppression systems for flammable liquids has been undertaken.Fixed pipe CAF systems represent a major innovation in fire suppression technology. By injecting air into a foam-water stream in a mixing chamber, a significantly superior foam is produced primarily as a result of uniform, small bubble sizes. That foam is transported through a piping system to rotary nozzles which distribute foam over a prescribed area. There are currently no specific fire suppression performance or installation standards for CAF systems; thus, to assess the new technology for potential applications, comparisons must be made using existing standards for similar fire suppression systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".