CO in Stephan's Quintet: First Evidence of Molecular Gas in the Intragroup Starburst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the first interferometric evidence of CO(1-0) emission in the intragroup starburst (IGS) region of HCG~92 (Stephan's Quintet). BIMA's large primary beam covers fully both the IGS region and the dominant group member galaxy Seyfert NGC 7319, as well as partially the intruder galaxy NGC 7318B. CO emission of $\approxgt 4σ$ is detected in all of them. The detection of the CO emission associated with the IGS is further supported by comparisons with observations in other wavebands (e.g., HI, mid-IR, \ha). Assuming the standard conversion factor, 3.6--8.0$\times 10^8~\Msun$ molecular gas is found to be associated with the IGS. Confining to the region of the CO emission peak, a relatively high star-formation efficiency of 8.6$\Lsun/\Msun$ is derived for the IGS, which is nearly comparable to that of local starburst galaxies (e.g., M82).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".