Prenatal PGE2 exposure causes abnormal cerebellar dendritic morphology and cerebellar related motor coordination in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a lipid signalling molecule involved in healthy neurodevelopment. Abnormal PGE2 levels due to genetic or environmental factors are linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our lab has shown that maternal PGE2 exposure results in differential developmental gene expression, and autism-like behaviours in offspring, including social deficits, and repetitive and anxious behaviours. Our goal was to examine the sex-dependent effect of prenatal PGE2 exposure on cerebellar dendritic morphology and related motor coordination. Methods: Cerebellums of PGE2 and Saline-injected C57BL/6 (WT) offspring at postnatal day 30 were stained with the GOLGI-COX method to measure dendrite length, branching, and the odds of observing dendritic loops. We also examined cerebellar-related motor function using adhesive sticker, grid walking, and cylinder tests. Results: PGE2 mice (males and females) had greater dendritic arborization closer to the soma and higher odds of observing dendritic loops than WT controls. Dendrite length was greater in WT Females (WTF) than in Males (WTM) with no significant differences observed in PGE2 Males (PGE2M) and Females (PGE2F). In the adhesive sticker test, we saw no significant differences in first sticker removal attempt times but more attempts per second in PGE2M. In the grid walking test, PGE2M slipped through the grid more than PGE2F, despite no WT sex differences. While WTM escaped faster than WTF, PGE2M escaped slower than PGE2F. In the cylinder test sex differences in rearing and wall touching in WT mice were lost in PGE2 mice. We saw a reduction in steps in PGE2M compared to WTM. We show that prenatal PGE2 signalling disruptions result in sex-dependent abnormalities in cerebellar development and behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".