Language change and stance in a remote Mennonite community in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates Canadian Raising patterns in the Pennsylvania German English speech of nine Old Order Mennonites in southern Ontario with a focus onlinguistic context and stance-taking. Although this community is traditionally isolated and resistant to change, some speakers are now increasingly in contact withthe local English-speaking community and have begun to participate in the ongoing shift towards Canadian Raising, a process that is largely complete in the widerCanadian English speech community. The extent to which linguistic resources areavailable to the speakers and used for social work, such as stances, hinges on theindividual degree of contact with the English community. The speakers deal differently with the new vowel; /aʊ/-raising, imbued with the social meaning of Canadianness, might be adopted or avoided, while /aɪ/-raising, below the speakers’ social awareness, indicates contact with the linguistic resources. The context of thisstudy is perfectly suited for understanding local and translocal dynamics in a dialect contact situation, particularly in relation to stylistic practices in Third Wavesociolinguistics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".