DESIGN OF STOVE FUELED BY USED LUBRICATING OIL FOR INDUSTRIAL SALT DRYING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Salt as a source of important minerals is much needed by society and industry. In the salt-making process, salt must go through a drying phase. Salt drying at the Badan Riset Nasional (BRIN)’s workshop that uses wood pellet as the fuel is considered not optimal because of waste in waiting and processing time. Other alternative fuels are needed to maximize the salt production process, one of which is using used lubricating oil. Utilizing used lubricating oil as fuel for the salt drying process requires the conversion of burner or stove. This research aims to design a stove fueled by used lubricant oil for drying industrial salt. French method is used to design the stove. The stove that has been built iwas compared with wood pellet stove in terms of waiting time to reach the desired salt drying temperature, fuel operational costs, and capacity of the salt produced. The ST-44 steel oil stove with a diameter of 17 cm and a height of 13 cm could reach the drying temperature 15 minutes faster than a wood pellet stove without the need of supervising the feeding process. Daily operational costs for fuel consumption using used lubricating oil were also more economical with 25% more dry salt produced than using a wood pellet stove.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".