2 um Narrow-band Adaptive Optics Imaging in the Arches Cluster
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope adaptive optics bonnette images through narrow-band filters in the $K-$band are presented for the Arches cluster. Continuum fluxes, line fluxes, and equivalent widths are derived from high angular resolution images, some near diffraction limited, for the well known massive stars in the Arches cluster. Images were obtained in the lines of \ion{He}{1} 2.06 \mic, \ion{H}{1} Br$γ$ (2.17 \mic), and \ion{He}{2} 2.19 \mic as well as continuum positions at 2.03 \mic, 2.14 \mic, and 2.26 \mic. In addition, fluxes are presented for \ion{H}{1} P$α$ (1.87 \mic) and a nearby continuum position (1.90 \mic) from Hubble Space Telescope archival data. The 2 \mic and P$α$ data reveal two new emission-line stars and three fainter candidate emission-line objects. Indications for a spectral change of one object between earlier observations in 1992/1993 and our data from 1999 are found. The ratio of \ion{He}{2} 2.19 \mic to Br$γ$ emission exhibits a narrow distribution among the stars, suggesting a narrow evolutionary spread centered predominantly on spectral types O4 If or Wolf-Rayet stars of the WN7 sub-type. From the approximate spectral types of the identified emission-line stars and comparisons with evolutionary models we infer a cluster age between $\sim$ 2 and 4.5 Myr.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".