Winter bat activity in the Canadian prairies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Periodic arousal from hibernation among mammalian hibernators is poorly understood. In bats, arousal is often associated with flight. We acoustically monitored two rocky areas along the Red Deer River in southeastern Alberta for bat activity in autumn, winter, and spring months. We found bats to be active in all months and at unexpectedly cold temperatures (coldest activity –8 8C). Bats were active even when ambient temperatures remained below 0 8C during the day and night. We documented Myotis ciliolabrum (Merriam, 1886), Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864), and Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796) flying outside hibernacula in winter. Active E. fuscus that we captured in mid-winter of 2004–2005 weighed less than bats captured in the fall, but masses ranged from 14.0 to 21.0 g, indicating that some individuals still had fat reserves. Captured individuals were of various ages, with a male bias. Using radiotelemetry, we located the first natural rock-crevice hibernacula for male and female E. fuscus in the Canadian prairies. Winter roosts were narrow, deep rock crevices or erosion holes located in steep valley walls. We found evidence to suggest that dehydration may be a driving force for winter flights. Re´sume´ : L'e´veil pe´riodique durant l'hibernation chez les mammife`res hibernants reste mal compris. Chez les chauvessouris, l'e´veil est souvent associe´ au vol. Nous avons suivi par des me´thodes acoustiques l'activite´ des chauves-souris dans deux re´gions rocheuses le long de la Red Deer dans le sud-est de l'Alberta durant les mois de l'automne, de l'hiver et du printemps. Nous trouvons des chauves-souris actives a` tous les mois et a` des tempe´ratures e´tonnamment froides (–88C, tempe´rature d'activite´ la plus basse). Les chauves-souris sont actives meˆme lorsque les tempe´ratures ambiantes restent sous 08C durant le jour et la nuit. Nous avons observe´ Myotis ciliolabrum (Merriam, 1886), Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864) et Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796) en train de voler hors de leur hibernacle en hiver. Les E. fuscus capture´s au milieu de l'hiver 2004–2005 sont moins lourds que ceux capture´s a` l'automne, mais leur masse varie de 14,0 a` 21,0 g, ce qui indique que certains individus ont encore des re´serves lipidiques. Les individus capture´s appartiennent a` diffe´rentes classes d'aˆge et il y a une majorite´ de maˆles. A` l'aide de la radiote´le´me´trie, nous avons trouve´ les premiers hibernacles naturels dans des crevasses rocheuses pour les maˆles et les femelles d'E. fuscus dans les prairies canadiennes. Les perchoirs d'hiver consistent en des crevasses rocheuses e´troites et profondes ou en des trous d'e´rosion situe´s dans des parois escarpe´es des valle´es. Nous avons des indications qui laissent croire que la de´shydratation peut eˆtre le motif qui explique les vols d'hiver.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".