The Global Pedogenon Map: Combining and Spatialising the Factors of Soil Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Description The global pedogenon map classifies soil units based on similarities in their formation processes while excluding anthropogenic effects, at a high spatial resolution of 90 meters in the Equator. This repository contains data from a scientific work that was published in Geoderma (Francos et al., 2025a), presented in the Digital Soil Mapping & GlobalSoilMap conference in Bengalore, India, 2025 (Francos et al., 2025b), and in the Soils for Our Future 2025 Conference in Winnipeg, Canada (Francos et al., 2025c): The global pedogenon map in 90-meters resolution: GPM_mosaic_17062025.tif The centroids of the pedogenon classes: RGB_CENTROIDS_04062025.csv Sampling points after data processing and before classification: POINTS_04062025.csv Format: Raster map in GeoTIFF format (*.tif). Spatial resolution: 90 meters in the Equator. Coordinate reference system: EPSG:4326 (WGS 84). Citation: If you are using this material, cite: Francos, N., Sharififar, A., Flynn, T., Styc, Q., Evangelista, S.J., Padarian, J., Ng, W., Field, D.J., Minasny, B., McBratney, A.B., 2025. The global pedogenon map: Combining and spatialising the factors of soil formation. Geoderma 460, 117462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117462 References: Francos, N., Sharififar, A., Flynn, T., Styc, Q., Evangelista, S.J., Padarian, J., Ng, W., Field, D.J., Minasny, B., McBratney, A.B., 2025a. The global pedogenon map: Combining and spatialising the factors of soil formation. Geoderma 460, 117462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117462 Francos, N., McBratney, A., 2025b. The Global Pedogenon Map. In: Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Use Planning, 3rd Joint Workshop of the IUSS Working Groups on Digital Soil Mapping & GlobalSoilMap, 21st–24th January 2025, Bengaluru, India. Francos, N., 2025c. The Global Pedogenon Map: Combining and Spatialising the Factors of Soil Formation. In: GSS Session A – Reference Soils for Assessing Soil Condition and Health, Soils for Our Future 2025 Conference – Joint Meeting of the Global Soil Security Conference, Canadian Society of Soil Science, and IUSS Division 1, 20th–25th July 2025, Winnipeg, Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".