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Record W6930981453 · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3533280

DRUGS USED BY 275 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD AT LEAST ONCE - 31 MILLION BECOME HARMFULLY ADDICTED - COMPARES DON JURAVIN

2019· article· en· W6930981453 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvanced X-ray and CT Imaging
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCocaFalling (accident)HeroinDrugTransmission (telecommunications)Public health

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

DRUGS USED BY 275 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD AT LEAST ONCE - 31 MILLION BECOME HARMFULLY ADDICTED - COMPARES DON JURAVIN\n\nDon Karl Juravin (JURAVIN RESEARCH) conducted a world's thorough study of the drug deaths comparing 230 countries.\n\n \n\nDeath From Drugs (Cannabis, Opioids, Cocaine, Amphetamine-type stimulants, Tranquilizers and sedatives, Hallucinogens, Solvents, and inhalants)\n\nrate per 1,000,000 aged 15-64 | lower is better | 2018 report\n\n \n\nComparing USA Vs. Europe’s top countries (Germany, France, Italy) Vs. Israel\n\nWINNER: Israel\n\n\n\t\n\tIsrael's deaths from drugs are 4.28 times better than the world average\n\t\n\t\n\tIsrael's deaths from drugs are 20.66 times better than the USA\n\t\n\t\n\tIsrael's deaths from drugs are 1.01 times better than Euro-top\n\t\n\n\nAnnual deaths\n\n\n\t\n\tIsrael: 83 deaths\n\t\n\t\n\tEuro-top: 1,639 deaths\n\t\n\t\n\tUSA: 63,632 deaths\n\t\n\n\nDrugs Deaths Important Key Factors\n\n\n\t\n\tGlobal cocaine manufacture in 2016 reached its highest level ever: an estimated 1,410 tons. After falling during the period 2005–2013, global cocaine manufacture rose by 56 percent during the period 2013–2016. The increase from 2015 to 2016 was 25 percent. \n\t\n\t\n\tMost of the world’s cocaine comes from Colombia, which boosted its manufacture by more than one third from 2015 to 2016, to some 866 tons. The total area under coca bush cultivation worldwide in 2016 was 213,000 ha, almost 69 percent of which was in Colombia.\n\t\n\t\n\tOne in eight people who inject drugs is living with HIV. Injecting drugs is a major route for transmission of the HCV virus.\n\t\n\t\n\tAlmost half of all prevalence of people who inject drugs worldwide in 2016 were estimated to reside in just three countries: China, the Russian Federation, and the United States. Although these three countries combined account for just 27 percent of the global population aged 15–64 years, together they are home to 45 percent of the world’s prevalence of people who inject drugs, an estimated 4.8 million people. \n\t\n\t\n\tIn 2015 and 2016, for the first time in half a century, life expectancy in the United States of America declined for two consecutive years. A key factor was the increase in unintentional injuries, which includes overdose deaths. \n\t\n\t\n\tIn 2016, 63,632 people died from a drug overdose in the United States, the highest number on record and a 21 percent increase from the previous year. This was largely due to a rise in deaths associated with pharmaceutical opioids, including fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. This group of opioids, excluding methadone, was implicated in 19,413 deaths in the country, more than double the number in 2015. Evidence suggests that Canada is also affected, with a large number of overdose deaths involving fentanyl and its analogs in 2016. \n\t\n\t\n\tIn Europe, overdose deaths rose for the third consecutive year to reach the highest number on record in 2015 (the latest year for which data are available), with 8,441 deaths. Opioid-related deaths were responsible for the overall increase, with the presence of opioids (mostly heroin) detected in 79 percent of overdose deaths in 2015. Increases in overdose deaths were reported in Germany, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom reported the highest number of overdose deaths in Europe, accounting for approximately one third (31 percent) of the total. In England and Wales, the number of drug misuse deaths for both men and women that were registered in 2016 was the highest since records began in 1993: 2,593 drug misuse deaths, mostly due to heroin and/or morphine.\n\t\n\t\n\tNon-fatal overdoses are substantially more common than fatal ones, with many drug users reporting that they have personally experienced a non-fatal overdose. Overdoses that are fatal make up only a very small proportion of all overdoses, an estimated 2–4 percent. Based on a global, systematic review of the literature, almost half (47 per cent; range: 17 to 68 per cent) of the drug users included in the studies reported that they had experienced a non-fatal overdose at least once in their lives, with almost one in six (17 percent; range: 4 to 38 percent) personally experiencing a non-fatal overdose in the past year.\n\t\n\n\nClick here to read the full article.\n\nCredits\n\nRegistered research DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3533280\n\nResearch by: Don Karl Juravin | Don Juravin tweets | Don Juravin videos | Don Juravin page | Don Karl Juravin Linkedin | Don Juravin education | Don Juravin Pinterest | Don Juravin images | Don Juravin blogs | Don Karl Juravin Reddit | Don Juravin scholar citation | JURAVIN RESEARCH | Don Juravin writer | Don Karl Juravin blog | Google+ | Ted Talks | Don Juravin docs | Don Juravin answers | Don Karl Juravin local | Juravin blogging | Juravin posts | Don Juravin Reviews |\n\n

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.203
Threshold uncertainty score0.996

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.005

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.221
Teacher spread0.208 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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