Parapterogramma continentalis Kuwahara & Marshall & Luk 2025, comb. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parapterogramma continentalis (Hayashi, 2013) comb. nov. Minialula continentalis Hayashi, 2013: 351, figs 1, 3–7. Type material Holotype THAILAND • ♂; Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon; 1900 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2001; T. Hayashi leg.; NIID. Paratypes NEPAL – Bagmati • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Gokarna, Kathmandu; 9 Oct. 1992; T. Hayashi leg.; NIID. THAILAND – Chiang Mai • 12 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 1700–1900 m a.s.l.; 21–23 Oct 2001; NIID. VIETNAM – Vinh Phu • 5 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Tam Dao; 930–1230 m a.s.l.; 21–27 Sep. 1995; H. Kurahashi leg.; NIID • 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8–10 Oct. 1998; T. Hayashi leg.; NIID. Material examined No specimens of M. continentalis were examined. Redescription BODY. Length 1.1–1.5 mm.Head dark brown with lower portion of frons lighter and silvery microtomentum on interfrontal plates, ocellar triangle, orbital plates, and occiput; gena brown; antenna dark brown. Thorax dark brown, sides with three indistinct horizontal stripes. Scutum with pale grey and brown microtomentum forming four pale longitudinal stripes. Anterior dorsocentral bristles separated by 7–8 rows of acrostichal setulae. Legs dark brown, femora proximally paler, fore and hind basitarsomeres whitish. Mid tibia with two anterodorsal and two posterodorsal bristles on proximal half; male mid tibia with long apicoventral bristle only. Wing pattern strong. CS2 0.5× CS3. R 2+3 distinctly sinuate, angled at ~60° to costa; costa extending just beyond apex of R 4+5 (~1 × costal width). M 1 extending beyond dm-m as a dark pseudovein, M 4 indistinct beyond dm-m; CuA+CuP long and tubular. Halter pale brown with dark stem. MALE ABDOMEN. S5 broad, uniformly long-setose, slightly projecting posteromedially with a small medial emargination. S6 with a posteriorly-projecting setulose lobe located behind posteromedial emargination of S5. Surstylus long but low, bilobed: anterior lobe elongate, bare, and curved posteroventrally into a V-shape, posterior lobe rounded and setose. Postgonite short but broad, bent at about midlength, apical half with an anterodorsal triangular lobe and two posteroventral triangular lobes flanking a rounded ventral emargination (exaggerating depth of emargination), apex pointed. Phallapodeme elongate, apex truncate; basiphallus large, triangular in lateral view and V-shaped in dorsal view, with an elongate, apically rounded and downturned epiphallus. Distiphallus stout, largely membranous, supported by curled, weakly sclerotized lateral sclerites. FEMALE ABDOMEN. Presumably as described for Pa. poeciloptera below (abdominal characters other than spermatheca not described in Hayashi 2013). Spermathecae stout, subspherical, and smooth with a large, broad but not deep, apical invagination, stem short and membranous. Distribution Indomalayan: Nepal (Hayashi 2013), Thailand (Hayashi 2013), Vietnam (Hayashi 2013). Remarks The above redescription of Pa. continentalis (Hayashi, 2013) is based on Hayashi’s (2013) description of the species. This species, along with Pa. poeciloptera and Pa. tropicalis (Hayashi, 2013), forms a distinct clade of very similar species formerly treated as Minialula (see above). Parapterogramma continentalis is externally almost identical to Pa. tropicalis, from which it differs by the posteromedially emarginate male S5 and the pointed apex of the postgonite. Both of these species can be separated from Pa. poeciloptera by the stout (rather than hair-like) apicoventral bristle on the male mid tibia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".