Parathalassius candidatus Melander

Parathalassius candidatus Melander (Figs 26, 40, 50, 53, 58, 81, 116, 135, 144) Parathalassius candidatus Melander, 1906: 375. Type material examined. HOLOTYPE, ♀, from Friday Harbor [ca. 48°32′15″N 123° 1′10.97″W], San Juan Island, San Juan County, Washington, USA, labelled: “Friday Harbor, Wash. [summer, 1905, J.M. Aldrich]”; “TYPE/ Parathalassius / candidatus / Mel. [red label]”; “ALMelander/ Collection/ 1961” (USNM). Other material examined. CANADA: British Columbia: Haida Gwaii, Graham Island, 3km N Tlell [ca. 53°33′37″N 131°55′39″W], 13.vii.1988, meadow behind dunes, T.A. Wheeler, CNC DIPTERA #103909 (1♂, barcoded, CNC); Vancouver, Point Grey [ca. 49°15′58″N 123°15′52″W], 31.v.1973, on tidal flat, J.R. Vockeroth (2♂, 1♀, CNC); same data except, 5.vii.1973 (1♂, 5♀, CNC); same data except, 12.vii.1973 (12♂, 7♀, CNC); same data except, 19.vii.1973 (1♀, CNC); same data except, 23.vii.1973 (1♂, 1♀, CNC); same data except, 31.vii.1973 (1♀, CNC); Vancouver, 2.vii.1988, J.R. Vockeroth (2♂, ZFMK); Vancouver, beach SW of University, lower course of Fraser River north arm, 10.vii.1988, gravel and sand, H. Ulrich (12♂, 20♀, ZFMK); Vancouver Island: Deep Bay nr. Bowser [ca. 49°27′33″N 124°43′59″W], 21.vi.1955, R. Coyles (2♂, 1♀, CNC); Sidney Is., Sidney Spit, 48°38′28.06″N 123°19′50.05″W, 8.viii.2008, sandy beach, J.M. Cumming (1♂, 2♀, CNC); same data except, CNC DIPTERA #103910 (1♀, barcode-associated, CNC); Cordova Bay [ca. 48°31′12″N 123°21′60″W], 11.vii.1924, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM); same data except, 11.vii.1925 (1♂, USNM; 1♀, CUIC). USA: California: Del Norte County: Smith River [ca. 41°55′03″N 124°12′17″W], 25.vii.1932, dry beach sand, J.M. Aldrich (3♂, USMN); Smith River, Tolowa Dunes State Park, 15.vi.1981, M.E. Buegler (1♀, EMEC); Smith River Dunes, 15.vi.1981 (2♂, EMEC); Humboldt County: Clam Beach [ca. 40°59′40″N 124°06′58″W], 21.vi.1935, A.L. Melander (1♂, 1♀, USNM); Clam Beach Co. Park N of Eureka [ca. 40°59′40″N 124°06′58″W], 15.v.1978, D.D. Wilder (9♂, 7♀, CAS); same data except, 16.v.1978 (2♂, 1♀, CAS); Loleta, W, sand dunes at end of Table Bluff Rd. [ca. 40°41′50″N 124°16′34″W], 28.v.2003, R. Wielgus (1♀, EMEC); Samoa Peninsula, Samoa Dunes Recreation Area, 40°45′41″N 124°13′37″W, 21.v.2009, J.M. Cumming (1♀, CNC); same data except, S.E. Brooks, CNC DIPTERA # 103912 (1♂, barcoded, CNC); Samoa Beach & dunes, 18.vi.1907, J.C. Bradley (1♀, CUIC); Marin County: Abbott’s Lagoon [ca. 38°07′11″N 122°57′08″W], A37, 3.vi.2000, W.H. Lenarz (1♀, EMEC); Dillon Beach, 38°14′57″N 122°58′00″W, 26.iii.2017, swept sandy seacoast & beach vegetation, S.E. Brooks (1♂, CNC); same data except, J.M. Cumming (3♀, CNC); same data except, S.H. Cumming (1♂, CNC); Muir Beach [ca. 37°51′34″N 122°34′43″W], 30.v.1946, E.L. Kessel (1♂, 1♀, EMEC); Stinson Beach, 37°53′51″N 122°38′28″W, 27.iii.2017, swept sandy seacoast & beach vegetation, S.E. Brooks (1♂, CNC); same data except J.M.Cumming (2♂, CNC); Mendocino County: Manchester Dunes [ca. 38°57′19″N 123°43′52″W], 19.vi.1981 (5♂, 4♀, EMEC); San Francisco County: San Francisco [ca. 37°45′37″N 122°30′38″W], 1.vii.1952, C.E. Kaufeldt (1♂, USNM); same data except, 22.vi.1947, A.L. Melander (2♂, USNM); same data except 12.v.1915, M.C. Van Duzee (1♀, MCZ); same data except, 22.v.1915 (1♂, CAS); same data except, Sand Dunes, 13.v.1927, C.L. Fox (1♀, EMEC); Sonoma County: Bodega Dunes [ca. 38°20′16″N 123°04′02″W], 22.vi.1981 (1♀, EMEC); Salmon Creek, North Salmon Creek State Beach, 38°21′21″N 123°03′59″W, 24.iii.2017, swept sandy seacoast & beach vegetation, S.E. Brooks (1♂, CNC); same data except, 25.iii.2017 (1♂, CNC). Oregon: Coos County: Bandon, Bullards Beach, 43°08′44″N 124°24′56″W, 29.v.2009, swept beach-grass, S.E. Brooks (2♂, 1♀, CNC); same data except, J.M. Cumming (1♀, CNC); Curry County: Winchuck River, [ca. 42°00′17″N 124°12′54″W], 23.vii.1932, J.M. Aldrich (2♂, 1♀, USNM); Lane County: Heceta Beach, 44°02′14.7″N 124°07′57.2″W, 7.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass (Ammophila), J.M. Cumming, CNC487110 (1♀, barcode-associated, CNC); Suislaw North Jetty, nr. Florence, 44°01′07.0″N 124°08′12.6″W, 8.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass (Ammophila), S.E. Brooks (3♂, 2♀, CNC); same data except, J.M. Cumming (1♂, 1♀, CNC); same data except, CNC588238 (1♂, barcoded, CNC), CNC588237 (1♀, barcode-associated, CNC); Lincoln County: South Beach State Park, 44°36′05.6″N 124°03′54.0″W, 3.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass (Ammophila), S.E. Brooks (3♂, 1♀, CNC); same data except, CNC588235 (1♂, barcoded, CNC), CNC588236 (1♀, barcode-associated, CNC). Washington: Clallam County: Twin [ca. 48°09′54″N 123°56′58″W], 13.vi.1988, sandy beach, H. Ulrich (1♀, ZFMK); Pacific County: Cape Disappointment State Park nr. Ilwaco, Benson Beach, 46°16′20.4″N 124°04′25.4″W, 1.vii.2014, swept dunes & beach grass (Ammophila), S.E. Brooks (2♂, 2♀, CNC; 1♂, 1♀, CSCA); same data except, CNC487204 (1♀, barcode-associated, CNC); same data except, J.M. Cumming (1♂, 5♀, CNC); same data except, CNC487203 (1♂, barcoded, CNC); same data except, 2.vii.2014, S.E. Brooks (3♀, CNC); same data except, 2.vii.2014, J.M. Cumming (5♂, 1♀, CNC); same data except, 1. vii.2 0 14, swept dunes & beach vegetation, S.H. Cumming (3♀, CNC); same data except, 2.vii.2014, (1♀, CNC); Ilwaco, Cape Disappointment, 23.vii.1993, H. Ulrich (14♂, 8♀, ZFMK); same data except, 24.vii.1993 (21♂, 20♀, ZFMK); same data except, 25.vii.1993 (15♂, 23♀, ZFMK); same data except, 26.vii.1993 (62♂, 1♀, ZFMK); same data except, Benson Beach, 24.vii.1993, dunes (1♂, ZFMK); same data except, 5.viii.1994 (9♂, 12♀, ZFMK); same data except, 9.viii.1994 (9♂, 2♀, ZFMK); same data except, 27.vii.1993, on wet sand (5♂, 6♀, ZFMK); same data except, 5.viii.1994, sandy beach (27♂, 2♀, ZFMK); same data except, 8.viii.1994 (32♂, 3♀, ZFMK); same data except, 10.viii.1994 (15♂, ZFMK); same data except, Waikiki Beach, 15.vii.1988, on sand (22♂, 8♀, ZFMK); same data except, 17.vii.1988, on rock (1♀, ZFMK); same data except, 22.vii.1993, dunes (1♂, ZFMK); same data except, 26.vii.1993, on wet sand (19♀, ZFMK); same data except, 22.vii.1993, sandy beach (3♂, 3♀, ZFMK); same data except, 9.viii.1994 (30♂, 2♀, ZFMK); Ilwaco [ca. 46°16′20″N 124°04′25″W], vii.1917, A.L. Melander (2♂, 2♀, USNM); San Juan County: San Juan Island, Kanaka Bay [ca. 48°29′03″N 123°05′4″W], 8.vii.1924, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM). Diagnosis. This relatively large species is characterized by 3–4 notopleural bristles, dark legs, relatively long vein CuA+CuP, males with greyish-white pruinosity on the face and clypeus, and longer lower male ommatrichia. Parathalassius candidatus is very similar to P. abela, but males of the former species can be distinguished by a face and clypeus that is concolourous with the greyish-white frons. Females of these two species are virtually identical. Parathalassius candidatus is also similar to P. sinclairi sp. nov. and P. susanae sp. nov., but all three species can be differentiated by the structure of the hindleg and female sternite 8, as indicated in the key Redescription. Male: Body length 3.0– 3.9 mm, wing length 3.0– 3.5 mm. Dark brown ground colour covered mostly with dense greyish-white pruinosity. Setae of body and legs white. Head (Fig. 26): Eyes with ommatrichia of lower third distinctly longer and slightly flattened, forming dense reflective mat of whitish coloured hair. Face and clypeus concolourous with greyish-white frons and vertex. Face narrowest at middle, about 2.0X width of anterior ocellus. Gena and postgena with moderately long white setae, forming short beard flanking mouthparts. Antenna (Fig. 40) including arista-like stylus, entirely dark brown; postpedicel subtriangular, 1.5–1.7X longer than wide; arista-like stylus long, about 2.0X length of postpedicel. Palpus with 2–3 moderately long setae and several short setulae on outer surface of apical half. Thorax: Acrostichal setulae quadriserial; 6–8 dorsocentral bristles, 0– 1 presutural intra-alar bristles, 1–2 presutural supra-alar (posthumeral) bristles, 2–3 postsutural supra-alar bristles, 3–4 notopleural bristles. Scutellum with 3 pairs of bristles. Legs: Foreleg: Dark grey, pale only at knee. Coxa with moderately long pale setae on anterior surface. Femur with numerous long setae on posterior surface, posterodorsal and posteroventral rows prominent. Tibia with short setae and setulae. Tarsus with setulae; tarsomeres 1–2 not dilated. Midleg: Dark grey, pale only at knee, tarsus greyish-brown. Femur with anteroventral and posteroventral row of setae prominent. Tibia with pair of apicoventral bristles. Tarsomeres 1–4 each with pair of dark spine-like apicoventral setae. Hindleg (Figs 50, 53): Dark grey, femur dark brown posteriorly, tarsus greyish-brown. Femur with ventral row of setae prominent. Tibia with anterodorsal and anteroventral rows of setae prominent, mostly longer than width of tibia, with anterodorsal row of setae evenly curved towards apex of tibia. Tarsus slightly shorter than tibia with short setae and setulae; tarsomere 1 slightly shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2–4; tarsomeres 1–3 with several short thickened angled setae dorsally, not perpendicular and peg-like; tarsomere 2 distinctly longer than tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3 slightly longer than tarsomere 4; tarsomere 5 subequal in length to tarsomere 3. Wing (Fig. 58): Hyaline with dark brown veins. Cell dm produced apically, dm-m crossvein concave. Vein CuA+CuP relatively long, slightly curved to straight. Abdomen: Tergites 2–4 with setae well-developed and relatively long. Sternite 5 with slender anteriorly curved digitiform pregenitalic process present, base with short blunt anterior projection, apex blunt and covered with microtrichia, posterior edge of sternite 5 (behind process) deeply emarginate. Sternite 8 subquadrate with prominent elongate setae on posterolateral margins. Hypopygium (virtually indistinguishable from that of P. abela sp. nov.) (Figs 81, 116): Large. Left epandrial lamella with ventral portion elongate

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