Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Spirochetes in Wild Birds in Northwestern California: Associations with Ecological Factors, Bird Behavior and Tick Infestation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Newman et al. investigated the birds’ roles as bridging vectors for subadult Ixodes pacificus ticks and as potential host for the Lyme disease spirochete B.burgdorferi sensu stricto in north-western California. Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by Borrelia bacteria, which is spread by ticks. In North America, Lyme disease is caused by B.burgdorferi sensu stricto, which are mainly from the nymph stages of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus. Ixodes pacificus is known to infested more than 100 species of lizard, birds and mammals in California, and Ixodes scapularis has similar impact on the East Coast. While most researches have focused on the role of mammals as spirochete reservoir hosts, birds are potentially important hosts because of their species-rich and ecologically diverse. Birds’ dispersal distances are generally much larger than for mammals and they migrate annually. Thus, they may have an impact on the geographic spread of ticks and borrelia bacteria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".