Bibliographic record
Abstract
18. Bromus pseudolaevipes Wagnon (1950: 64). Figs. 58, 59. Bromopsis pseudolaevipes (Wagnon) Holub (1973: 168). Type:— UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Cultivated: grown at the Botanical Gardens, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2 June 1948, H.K. Wagnon 1507; original source from seed reproduced at the Univeristy of California, Berkeley, originally collected by G.L. Stebbins Jr. 2862 along the Ridge Route Wof Castaic, Los Angeles Co. (holotype MICH-1108615!, isotypes CAS-0027837!, MO-1600838!). Plants perennial, not rhizomatous. Culms 60–125 cm tall, 2–4 mm wide at base, erect or ascending, pubescent below inflorescences; nodes 2–5, pubescent. Leaf sheaths glabrous or densely pilose, hairs up to 1.2 mm long; auricles usually present on the lower leaves, sometimes absent; ligules 0.4–1(–2) mm long, glabrous or pubescent; blades up to 35 cm × 2–9 mm, flat, adaxial and abaxial surfaces pubescent throughout or on margins, hairs up to 0.6 mm long, rarely glabrous, margins serrulate. Panicles 7.5–20 cm × up to 14 mm, open, nodding, branches erect to ascending, 0.3–4 cm long, longer or shorter than spikelets, pubescent, 2–3(–4) spikelets per branch. Spikelets 1.5–3.5 cm long, 4–10-flowered, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; glumes scabrous or pubescent, hairs up to 0.3 mm long, margins hyaline, midnerves pubescent; lower glumes 4–7 mm long, lanceolate to oblong, 3-nerved, green along and between the nerves, apices acute; upper glumes 6–9 mm long, oblong-ovate, 5-nerved, green along and between the nerves, apices acute to obtuse; lemmas 10–12.5 mm long, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the backs, apices obtuse to truncate, 7-nerved, green along and between the nerves, pubescent throughout or hairs restricted to margins, hairs up to 0.5 mm long; awns 2–5.5 mm long, inserted up to 0.5 mm below lemma apex, straight; paleas shorter and narrower than the lemmas, backs pubescent, keels ciliate, cilia up to 0.3 mm long; anthers 3.5–5.5 mm; caryopses 8−10 mm long, dark brown to black. 2 n = 14 (Wagnon 1950). Distribution: —Native. In México B. pseudolaevipes is known from northern Baja California (Fig. 60). We have seen only a single specimen of the taxon from México. Gould & Moran (1981) also reported B. pseudolaevipes from Baja California. They noted the specimen they cited (Beetle M-2696, near and Eof Rosarito; not seen) to be "atypical in having blades to 14 mm broad" (Gould & Moran 1981: 30), which is outside the range of variation known for this species (Pavlick & Anderton 2007, Saarela & Peterson 2012). Bromus pseudolaevipes has been considered to be endemic to California (Wagnon 1952, Peterson & Soreng 2007), but it is not, given its occurrence in Baja California. Pavlick & Anderton (2007) state that B. pseudolaevipes is not known from México, which is incorrect. In the United States it occurs in the Coastal ranges of California (Pavlick & Anderton 2007, Saarela & Peterson 2012). Ecology:— Shaded or semi-shaded sites in chaparral, coastal sage scrub and open woodland; associated with Arctostaphylos, Ceanothus, Rhus and Eriogonum fasciculatum Bentham (1836: 411) Elevation: 1350 min México. Common Names: —Woodland brome (English). Comments: — Bromus pseudolaevipes is distinguished by its five-nerved upper glumes. It is the only species in sect. Bromopsis in México with this character. Specimen Examined:— MÉXICO. Baja California: Sierra San Pedro Martír, 1.1 mi SW of Mike's Sky Ranch on road towards Meling Ranch, 1350 m, 31.109°N, 115.6508°W, 25 September 2000, P.M. Peterson & J. Cayouette 15211 (CAN, US).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".