Pluteus flammans Polhorsky, Sevcikova, Justo, Fedor & Dima 2023, sp. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pluteus flammans Polhorský, Ševčíková, Justo, Fedor & Dima sp. nov., Figs. 2, 3 MycoBank:—MB 847337 Etymology:— flammans (Latin) = flaming, burning. Refers to the bright reddish, yellow-orange colour of the basidiomata. Diagnosis:—A brightly coloured species with a trichodermal pileipellis in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma. Similar to P. aurantipes, but differing in the colours of the pileus and stipe, basidiospores (smaller), caulocystidia (shorter), geographic distribution, and ITS and TEF1-α sequences. Description:— Basidiomata scattered to subgregarious, growing individually or in small groups of up to 5 basidiomata. Pileus 8–26 mm diam, convex, campanulate, becoming plano-convex to applanate, with distinct umbo; translucently striate at the margin and up to half the pileus diam.; surface villose with abundant scales at the centre, becoming less frequent towards the edge; margin only finely pubescent; yellowish orange, orange-red to orangebrown, darker at the centre. Lamellae free, moderately crowded, broad, light yellow-orange; edge whitish, slightly pubescent. Lamellulae present. Stipe 10–20 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at the base or not, fibrillose, entirely pubescent when young, later mainly at lower half, remaining tomentose at base, yellow-orange, concolorous with pileus, paler towards top. Context yellowish. Odor indistinct, taste not observed. Basidiospores [245, 7, 7] (4.0–)5.2–6.3(–7.5) × (3.5–)4–4.7(–5.3) μm, Lav × Wav = 5.4–5.9 × 4.1–4.4 µm, Q = (1.08–)1.23–1.41(–1.56), avQ = 1.3–1.33, subglobose to ellipsoid, rarely subovoid, ± thick-walled; lipid content granular in living basidiospores, coalescing into larger guttule(s) in more mature or dead basidiospores. Basidia 17–29 × 6.0–10.0 μm, 4-spored, narrowly clavate to clavate, sometimes with median constriction. Basidioles 14–25 × 4.8– 10.5 μm, narrowly to broadly clavate. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia (18.0–)26–43(–55) × (6.5–)9.5–14.5(–21) μm, abundant, forming sterile layer at lamella edge, narrowly to broadly clavate, narrowly lageniform to lageniform or subfusiform, rarely subutriform, with rounded apex, hyaline, rarely containing large yellow to yellowish brown vacuole(s), thin-walled. Pileipellis a trichoderm, composed of cylindrical or narrowly fusiform elements, with yellow to yellow-orange to brown intracellular pigment, 29–160 × 6.4–31 μm. Stipitipellis a cutis, made up of long cylindrical hyphae, 24–200 × (1.8–)5.0–20 μm, containing yellow, yellow-orange vacuole(s). Caulocystidia abundant, 19–115 × 5.9–14 μm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate or narrowly subfusiform, appearing in clusters or solitary, thin-walled, with or without yellow to orange intracellular pigment. Crystal druses sometimes present in pileipellis, stipitipellis and among cheilocystidia. Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Ecology and distribution:—Known from Slovakia and Hungary on fallen, strongly rotten Quercus spp., e.g., Q. cerris L. (1753: 997), trunks and logs in lowland and hilly xerothermophilous Pannonian oak groves; in beech or hornbeam forests on Fagus sylvatica L. (1753: 998) and Tilia sp. rotting trunks and branches near streams. Holotype:— SLOVAKIA. Bratislava,. Senec, Martinský les, very rotten Quercus sp. trunk, N48.25634° E17.38136°, elev. 155 m, 20 August 2020, A. Polhorský (holotype BRNM 829078, ITS sequence GenBank OQ331563; TEF1-α OQ332374, MycoBank MB 847337). Additional material examined:— SLOVAKIA. Bratislava, Senec, Martinský les, very rotten Quercus sp. trunk., N48.2467°, E17.3649°, elev. 172 m, 21 May 2022, A. Polhorský, BRA CR36322; N48.2468° E17.36715°, elev. 170 m, 11 June 2022, A. Polhorský, BRA CR36323; Prešov, Snina, Trstená, mossy, rotten Tilia sp. branch, elev. 280 m, 16 July 2013, J. Pavlík, BRA CR25862; ibid., 30 July 2013, J. Pavlík, BRA CR25868; Zemplínske hámre, Čierny potok, mossy, very rotten, possibly a Fagus sylvatica trunk, elev. 490 m, 5 August 2013, J. Pavlík, BRA CR25908; Košice, Brezina, Izra, very rotten Fagus sylvatica trunk, elev. 450 m, 7 August 2020, M. Lazor, BRA CR35417; Trnava, Hubina, Salaška, rotting remains of Quercus sp. trunk, elev. 220 m, 13 June 2016, M. Villaris, BRA CR35418; HUNGARY. Pest, Budakeszi, Szarvas-árok, on old, decaying Quercus sp. trunk, N47.3181°, E18.5346°, elev. 320 m, 19 June 2018, I. Fedor & B. Dima, DB- 2018-06-19 (ELTE); Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Miskolc, Köpüs-völgy, on old, decaying Quercus cerris log, 16 August 2021, G. Pelles, DB- 2021-08-16 (ELTE).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.032 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".