Bromus carinatu var. carinatus Hooker & Walker Arnott 1840
Bibliographic record
Abstract
5a. Bromus carinatus var. carinatus. Figs. 15A–D, 16. Awns 7.1–10 mm long. Distribution:― This variety is not as widespread as var. marginatus. It is known from Costa Rica (Cartago, Heredia, San José), Honduras (Ocotepeque) and Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoácan, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala and Veracruz) (Fig. 17). Comments:— Elsewhere in North America awns in this variety range to 15–17 mm long (Pavlick & Anderton 2007, Saarela & Peterson 2012). In México and Central America we have not seen specimens with awns greater than 10 mm long. Specimens Examined:— COSTA RICA. Cartago: 6 km SW of Pacayas, [9.8°N, 84.08°W], 1700 m, 10 August 1968, R.W. Pohl & G. Davidse 10893 (CR-46403, F-1732776); km post 19 along road to the crater of Volcán Irazú, [9.97°N, 83.85°W], 2600 m, 1 August 1968, R.W. Pohl & G. Davidse 10807 (F-1733610); Volcán Irazú, 9.9769°N, 83.8542°W, 16 August 1964, W.E. Booth 166 (US-3480655). Heredia: Volcán Irazu, [9.97°N, 83.85°W], 1912, A.M. Brenes s.n. (NY). San José: at km post 51 along the carretera Interamericana, Nof Empalme, 1980 m, 22 August 1968, R.W. Pohl & G. Davidse 11005 (CR-47205, F-1731856, US-3578264); HONDURAS. Ocotepeque: Mt. Cocal of Cordillera Merendon 20 km NW of Ocotopeque, [14.49°N, 89.04°W], 1800 m, 25 August 1968, A. Molina R. 22140 (F-1675844, NY). MÉXICO. Baja California: Ensenada, 31.8606°N, 116.6178°W, 7 April 1882, Jones s.n. (RSA-POM-112248); Ensenada, 32.5°N, 116.6°W, 7 April 1886, C.R. Orcutt s.n. (US-1009472); Sierra de Juárez, Parque Nacional Constitución de 1857, Laguna Hanson, 26 May 1987, [32.05°N, 115.9167°W], 1610–1700 m, R.F. Thorne, A. Strid, K. Tan, F. Ehrendorfer & A. Liston 62392 (NY, RSA-POM-394998, F-2047437); just below head of Prado del Corona, 1 mi above end of road from oak pasture and Melling Ranch, [30.75°N, 115.5167°W], 7400 ft, 6 September 1962, J. D. Olmsted 4737 (RSA-POM-170872); Laguna Hanson, Constitución National Park, Sierra de Juárez, [31.97°N, 115.83°W], 1610–1625 m, 28 May 1983, R.F. Thorne, W. Wisura, W. Steinmetz et al. 55756 (RSA-POM-310370); Northern Lower California, April 1886, C.R. Orcutt s.n. (GH, MSC-4710, NY); Lower California, 1886, C.R. Orcutt s.n. (NY); Sierra San Pedro Mártir, La Grulla, 30.8917°N, 115.4833°W, 2050 m, 8 June 1982, R. Moran 30920 (SD-111378); Sierra de Juárez, Constitución National Park, Laguna Hanson, Nend of lake, [32.05°N, 115°W], 1610–1625 m, 28 May 1983, R.F. Thorne, W. Visura, W. Steinmetz et al. 44803 (SD-123836); below Rancho Jatay, 32.025°N, 116.8542°W, 80 m, 11 June 1980, R. Moran 28792 (SD-105409); Wshore of Laguna Hanson, 32.0542°N, 115.075°W, 1610 m, 21 June 1980, R. Moran 28864 (SD-105489); Sierra San Pedro Mártir, La Joya, on Valladares Creek, above creek, 30.925°N, 115.6°W, 1500 m, 31 May 1976, R. Moran 2332 (SD-96979); Sierra Juárez, 1 km SE of Rancho San Pedro 32.1667°N, 115.4833°W, 1675 m, 22 June 1980, R. Moran 28908 (SD-105488); Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Parque Nacional San Pedro Mártir, at entrance to park in recently burned area, [31.13°N, 115.19°W], 2040 m, 27 August 1988, P.M. Peterson, C.R. Annable, R.F. Thorne & R. Noyes 5027 (CAN, US). Coahuila: Sierra Zapalinamé, 25.3468°N, 100.908°W, 2800 m, 20 September 2003, P.M. Peterson, J. Valdés-Reyna & R.H. Cárdenas 17871 (CAN, MO, US); Portrero Valley, [26.65 °N, 112.05°W], June 1899, C.R. Orcutt s.n. (US-1009475); Todos Santos Bay, 31.7667°N, 116.6167°W, 1882, F.E. Fish 12 (US-90886). Chiapas: Mpio. Tenejapa, in the paraje of Pahal Ton, 16.85°N, 92.45°W, 2286 m, 1 October 1965, D.E. Breedlove 12608 (DS, US-2999875); Mpio. Venustiano Carranza, in the sitios of Aguacatenango, 16.45°N, 92.4667°W, 1768 m, 22 July 1965, D.E. Breedlove 11226 (DS, MICH-1119255, US-2999853); Mt. Tacana, 15.1333°N, 92.1°W, 1000–2000 m, August 1938, E. Matuda 2444 (F-1004956, GH, MICH-1119182, US-1724501, NY); Mpio. Tenejapa, Paraje Shohleh, 16.86°N, 92.49°W, 2499 m, 4 April 1966, A.S. Ton 724 (MICH-1119253, US-3005102); 2 mi SE of Pueblo Nuevo Solist, 17.07°N, 92.86°W, 1585 m, 26 July 1965, E. Lathrop 5971 (RSA-POM-196173, US-2463686). Chihuahua: Majalca (Pilares), 28.85°N, 106.3333°W, 2080 m, 12 August 1939, L.H. Harvey 1485 (CAN, GH, mixed sheet with B. frondosus, MICH-1119267, MO, US-1762718); Cerro Mohinora, 10 mi Sof Guadalupe y Calvo, 26.1°N, 107.06°W, 2300–2500 m, 13 August 1960, R.M. Straw & M. Forman 2034 (RSA-POM-178217, mixed sheet with B. carinatus var. marginatus). Distrito Federal: 10 mi SW of México City, [19.29°N, 98.95°W], 9000 ft, 10 August 1947, F.A. Barkley, B.L. Westlund & J.B. Paxson 572 (F-1405758); Mixcoac, Barranca del Manicomio, 19.3833°N, 99.1833°W, 2280 m, 11 August 1913, G. Arséne 8801 (F-484987, US-1003469); 10 mi E of Amecameca on road towards Paso de Cortés, in Parque Nacional Izta-Popo, 19.0764°N, 98.71°W, 2840 m, 12 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & Y. Herrera-Arrieta 16163 (CAN, MO, US); San Lorenzo, delgacíon de Milpa Alta, 2600 m, 21 March 1976, A. Ventura A. 1191 (ANSM); Lomas de Mixcoac, 19.3833°N, 99.1833°W, 17 October 1937, E. Lyonnet & J. Elcoro 1731 (MO, US-1746365); Piedregal, Ajusco-Tlalpan, 19.2833°N, 99.1667°W, 2600 m, 16 July 1950, E. Matuda 19091 (US-2040915);. Vallede México, Topilojo, 19.2008°N, 99.1428°W, 2500 m, 3 August 1952, E. Matuda 26199 (US-2119848). Durango: Paraje de Potrillos, entre el Alto de Caballos y el Alto de Potrillos, [25.4°N, 106.1°W], 2500 m, 6 September 1989, A. Benítez P. 814 (ANSM); along road between El Salto and Durango, [24.08°N, 105.15°W], November 1968, Stephenson 68-556 (MSC-391573); Predio particular Las Cebollitas, 1 August 1990, A. Benítez 1715 (ANSM); 14.3 mi Eof La Ventana and 2.7 mi Wof Los Charcos, 23.0054°N, 104.3234°W, 2875 m, 13 September 2003, P.M. Peterson & F. Sánchez-Alvarado 17766 (CAN, US). Guanajuato: Mpio. Acambaro, Obrajuelos, Altura, [20°N, 100.71°W], 1850 m, 27 October 1992, J.J. Macias Cuellar 36 (MEXU). Jalisco: 1–2 mi Eof Tapalpa, 19.94°N, 103.76°W, 2100–2200 m, 30 October 1960, R. McVaugh 20490 (MICH-1119170); Mpio. Valle de Juáre, Cerro del Tigre, 97 km al NE de Cd. Guzmán, [24.76°N, 105°W], 2700 m, 9 September 1988, M. Fuentes O. 698 (MICH-1119187); Mpio. Vallede Juáre, 19.5667°N, 103.6°W, 19 September 1980, A.A. Beetle & R. Guzmán M. M-5370 (SD-122031); 11.7 mi SW of Ciudad Guzmán, 19.5924°N, 103.5372°W, 2165 m, 5 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16081 (CAN, MO, US); 23.5 mi SW of Ciudad Guzmán, El Refugio, NE slopes of Nevado de Colima, 19.5871°N, 103.5972°W, 3345 m, 6 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16095 (CAN, MO, US); 6.3 mi SW of Mazamitla along Hwy. 110 towards Colima, 19.894°N, 103.084°W, 1900 m, 7 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16111 (CAN, MO, US); Parque Nacional Volcán Nevado de Colima, near 2.5 km mark from entrance up road to Observatorio Volcanologico, 19.6252°N, 103.5474°W, 2008 m, 22 September 2005, P.M. Peterson & F. Sánchez Alvarado 19088 (CAN, MO, US). Estado de México: Toluca, 19.3°N, 99.65°W, 9000 ft, 28 August 1941, W. & M. Leavenworth 1926 (F-1248973, GH, MICH-1119176, MEXU-155026, MEXU-5884, MO, NY, US-1815927); 2 mi Wof state line and ca. 20 mi SE of México City on Puebla highway, [19.33°N, 98.62°W], 9 September 1965, F.W. Gould 11621 (MICH-119195); 18 mi Wof Toluca, 19.1083°N, 99.7583°W], 15 August 1961, F.W. Gould 9601 (US-2432890); 300 m al Wde Tanango del Aire [19.16°N, 98.86°W], 2350 m, 14 August 1968, A. Pineda R. 342 (MICH-1119199); 1 mi Wof Avila Camacho, 9200 ft [2804 m], 31 July 1970, L.H. Harvey 8538 (MICH-1119242); 27 km SW of Toluca on road to Temaxcaltepic, 19.11°N, 100°W, 2800 m, 9 July 1964, G. Mick & K. Roe 232 (MICH-1119247, US-2630326); 2 mi above junction of MEX 130 and road to Volcán Nevado de Toluca, [19.1083°N, 99.7583°W], 10400 ft, 22 October 1972, L.H. Harvey & J.T. Witherspoon 9473 (MICH-1119121); Temascaltepec Dist., Nanchititla, 18.8667°N, 100.4667°W, 10 November 1933 or 11 October 1933, G.B. Hinton 4984 (GH, US-1867861); 400 m al Wde Tanango del Aire, [19.16°N, 98.86°W], 2350 m, 14 July 1968, A. Pineda R. 368 (MSC-234697); 10.5 mi Nof Aculco on Hwy. 55 towards San Juan del Río, 20.2247°N, 99.9°W, 2208 m, 8 October 2007, P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21322 (CAN, MO, US); 1.7 mi Eof Hwy. 10 along road to Nevado de Toluca, 19.1347°N, 99.8°W, 3688 m, 9 October 2007, P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21349 (CAN, MO, US); Mpio. Donato Guerra, a 1.25 km al Nde Las Mesas de San Martín, [19.31°N, 100.14°W], 2672 m, 29 October 1998, J.A. García Ruíz 6 (MEXU); Campo Experimental de la Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, 2260 m, 1 November 1990, O. Arana s.n. (ANSM); Amecameca, 8600 ft, August 1904, O. Kuntze 23667 (NY); Popo Park, 19.0333°N, 98.6333°W, 4–8 August 1910, A.S. Hitchcock 5964 (US-1009500); 2.8 mi Eof Ocuilán Arteaga near cornfield, 18.9808°N, 99.38°W, 2478 m, 11 October 2007, P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21374 (CAN, MO, US). Michoácan: 14 mi Nof Aguililla on road to Dos Aguas, 1570 m, 8 August 1972, M.F. Denton 2036 (MICH-1119171); at km 56–57 above Quiterio on road from Pátzcuaro to Tacambaro, 19.4°N, 101.5°W, 2700 m, H.E. Moore, Jr., E. Hernández X. & H. Porras H. 5593 (GH, US-1983689); Estacíon Chincua, Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, 19.6792°N, 100.2853°W, 3030 m, 5 August 2000, Ma. G. Cornejo Enotrio, S.R. Luna & G.I. Manríquez 65 (ANSM, MEXU); 10 km al Sde Indaparapeo, sobre el camino a Las Peras, [19.72°N, 100.9181°W], 2250 m, 23 December 1986, J. Rzedowski 42310 (ANSM); Mpio. de Queréndaro, alrededores de San José Lagunillas, 2750 m, 24 August 1986, J. Rzedowski 40468 (ANSM); Mpio. Huaniqueo, NE del pedregal pequeño,. 5 km al Wde Tendeparacua, 2060 m, 22 August 1992, P. Silva-Sáenz 75 (ANSM); ca. 18 mi Sof Pátzcuaro, 19.31°N, 101.66°W, 2713–2743 m, 20–25 November 1961, R.M. King & T.R. Soderstrom 5178 (NY, mixed sheet with B. dolichocarpus); ca. 2 km al Nde AJuno, C
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".