Velocity Kinks: Reliable Signposts of Planets in Disks?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The velocity “kink” kinematic signature has gained standing as a promising method for discovering embedded planets. The gravitational influence of a planetary perturber is predicted to drive spiral wakes that disturb the surrounding gas velocity, generating distinct “kinks” along the spiral arms observable in velocity channel maps of gas emission. To date, a dozen velocity kink detections have been reported in ALMA observations of disks, and most have pinpointed the candidate planets within gaps in the ALMA dust continuum. The understanding that velocity kinks are due to spiral arms enables us to make a robust, testable prediction: Every instance of velocity kinks should be concurrent with spiral density waves. In this talk, I describe the results from our search for the spirals driven by the kink planets in the ALMA dust continuum. Our work provides an independent method to verify the existence of these planet candidates, and more importantly, tests the validity of velocity kinks as a reliable signpost of planets in disks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".