Bibliographic record
Abstract
252. Hoary Marmot Marmota caligata French: Marmotte des Rocheuses / German: Eisgraues Murmeltier / Spanish: Marmota canosa Taxonomy. Arctomys caligatus Eschscholtz, 1829, “im nordlichsten Theile der West- kuiste Amerika’s, haufig an der Bristolbai [= northern areas of the west coast of America, frequently on Bristol Bay].” Restricted by J. A. Allen in 1877 to near Bristol Bay, Alaska, USA. Three subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M. c¢. caligata Eschscholtz, 1829 — Alaska and W Yukon (Canada). M.c.cascadensisA.H.Howell,1914—SWBritishColumbia(Canada)andWWashington(USA). M. c. okanagana King, 1836 — S Yukon, W Northwest Territories, E British Columbia, W Alberta (Canada) to NE Idaho and W Montana (USA). Descriptive notes. Head-body 450-600 mm, tail 170-250 mm; weight 3.6-9 kg. The Hoary Marmot has light-colored pale cream to white anterior dorsal pelage and yellow to tan posterior dorsum, rump, and tail. Head is cream to buff, with dark brown to black on snout, crown, and chin. Feet are often dark brown to black. Venteris pale cream to white. Subspecies okanagana is pale; cascadensis has dark feet and venter. Habitat. Open rocky talus slopes and alpine tundra naturally fragmented and disjunct. Food and Feeding. The Hoary Marmot is an herbivore that feeds primarily on young grasses, shoots of forbs, bulbs, and other herbaceous material growing in open alpine meadows. Breeding. The Hoary Marmot lives in multi-burrow colonies and appears to mate in burrows or soon after spring emergence. Every two years, females give birth to litters of 4-5 young. Activity patterns. Hoary Marmots are diurnal. They are only active for 4-5 months each summer and hibernate in burrows for the remaining 7-8 months ofthe year. It hibernates as family groups beginning in September—October. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Burrows are relatively complex with multiple entrances and extend up to 3 m underground. Hoary Marmots overwinter in communal groups and are highly social. They typically live in family groups of dominant male, adult female (s), yearlings, young-of-the-year, and subordinate males that live on periphery of dominant male’s home range. Dominant females suppress reproductive activity of other females in colonies. Monogamy and polygyny can occur in a single colony, suggesting facultative mating system. Communication occurs by scent marking and vocalizations. High-pitched vocalizations convey risk of predation and also differ for terrestrial and aerial predators. Alarm call is a relatively simple, high-pitched whistle. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Population trend of the Hoary Marmot is stable. Historically, it was hunted for food and pelts, rarely today. Widespread distribution suggests little need for conservation concern. Bibliography. Allen (1877b), Armitage (2014), Barash (1989), Blumstein (1999), Kyle et al. (2007), Patil et al. (2015), Thorington et al. (2012).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".