FIG. 5 in Biological and cultural history of domesticated dogs in the Americas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
FIG. 5. — Photos of selected dog breeds originating in the Americas. A-J, dogs from North America; K-P, dogs from South and Central America and Cuba. All photo images are from Shutterstock, photo credit is indicated in parenthesis. A, Alaskan Malamute, 19 months old (Eric Isselee); B, Longhaired whippet (MirasWonderland); C, American bulldog puppy, five months old (Erik Lam); D, American cocker spaniel standing with reflection on white background, three years old (WilleeCole Photography); E, three American hairless terriers (Dora Zett); F, Chesapeake Bay retriever (Erik Lam); G, American Akita (Jagodka); H, Silken Windhound (Erik Lam); I, Siberian Husky, four years old (Eric Isselee); J, Miniature American shepherd (MirasWonderland); K, young chihuahuas (cynoclub); L, Xoloitzcuintli,Mexican hairless dog (Masarik); M, Peruvian hairless dog, one year old (Rosa Jay); N, young Bichon Havanese dog (Dorottya Mathe); O, Brazilian Fox-terrier (venturinirica); P, Argentinian Dogo (GeptaYs).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.067 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".