A question of ethics. Canadians speak out. Public attitude towards political ethics 1996 data [Canada]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study, conducted in 1996, sought to document and explore the attitudes of individual Canadians on issues of political conduct. The study involved conduct ing a broad-based survey of over 1400 randomly selected Canadians in an attempt to develop a reliable impression of what Canadians, in general, think about issues of political ethics. The research methodology employed a structured questionnaire administered through telephone interviews. The interviews started by asking a respondent to indicate what values they considered important, their level of confidence in various political institutions and to assess the ethical principles of different types of office holders. The respondent was then provided a list of "things that some people do" and was asked to indicate, based on a pre-established scale, how acceptable they felt these things were. Next, a series of hypothetical situations involving public officials were presented and the respondent was again asked to rate the level of acceptability of each situation as well as indicate how frequently they thought people in politics do "this sort of thing". Some of these questions were followed up by asking the respondent whether they thought people in politics would make the same choice as they themselves did. Additional hypothetical scenarios were presented and the respondent was asked to select from a group of options what they thought the public official should do. Again, the follow-up question was whether the respondent thought people in politics would make the same choice as they themselves did. The next section was comprised of general attitudinal questions about politics and corruption. Statements of opinion were presented and the respondent was asked to indicate their level of agreement with each statement. These questions probed their opinions about the degree of corruption in the country, the role of media, their interest in the private lives of politicians, the standards of officials and their income, and finally possibilities for change and reform in the political environment and whether they thought these changes would reduce corruption. The final section of the questionnaire asked a series of questions related to the respondent's social demographics (e.g. age, income, education, religion, etc.) and a series of questions used to gauge the respondent's political awareness and knowledge. Finally, the respondent was asked the question "If an election were held today, who would you vote for?"
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.046 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".