Study on Metabolism of Natural Medical Components In Vivo: Metabolism Study in Rat After Oral Administration of Rhubarb Decoction and Characterization, Identification of the Rat Metabolite of Scutellaria baicalensis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent Advances in Theories and Practice of Chinese Medicine 408 pharmacokinetic study of rhubarb.Total of 39 compounds were identified as absorbed bioactive constituents.The excretion of M22 and M39 reached more than 1000 μg in urine samples after intragastric administration of the decoction. Experiments Chemicals and materialsStandards of the rhapontin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, rheochrysidin and rhein were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (NICPBP) (Beijing, China).The plasma, urine and tissue samples were extracted using Supelco TM LC-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) tubes (1ml/100mg, USA).Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) was purchased from the Dikma Company (Dikma, USA).Water was deionized and double distilled.All other chemicals were of analytical grade.Blank rat plasma (drug free) was prepared in our laboratory. EquipmentAn HPLC-MS system (Agilent 1100, Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source was used.The LC/MSD Trap software (version 5.3) was used for data acquisition and processing.An API 4000 triple quadrapole instrument (Applied Biosystems, Toronto, Canada) was used for the mass spectrometric detection using an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the negative mode.A high-speed bench-top centrifuge (Sorvall ST16, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany) was used for centrifuge biological samples. Preparation of rhubarb decoction200 g rhubarb was immerged in 2000 mL distilled water and then refluxed for 1 h at 100ºC.The aqueous extract was filtered and the residue was refluxed for 30 min with another 2000 mL of distilled water under the same conditions.The two water extracts were combined and condensed to 200 mL and stored at 4ºC until use. Standard preparationThe standard of rhapontin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, rheochrysidin and rhein were dissolved in methanol at a concentration of 100 μg/ml to obtain the standard stock solutions. Animals30 male Sprague-Dawley rats (200±20 g) were obtained from the Animal Center of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China.They were kept under standard laboratory conditions (12/12 h light/darkness, 22±2ºC room temperature, 50-60% humidity) for one week prior to the experiments.All animal experiments were carried out according to the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica.Six male rats were orally administered a single dose of rhubarb decoction at 10 g/kg.After dosing, the rats were housed in separate glass metabolic cages with free access to water.Urine was collected at -8 to 0 h predose and during 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-24, 24-36, 36-48 h postdose.www.intechopen.com
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".