Morinda morindoides: A systematic review of its therapeutic activities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Morinda morindoides has been used as herbal medicine in Africa for a long time. It possesses potential therapeutic activities such as antiplasmodial, antispermatogenic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diarrheal effects, stomach pain and constipation reliefs. However, there has been no literature summarising its potential effects. This study therefore aims to systematically review the therapeutic activities of this medicinal plant as well as its pharmacological activities. Nine databases were selected to search suitable articles namely MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar, Global Health Library (GHL), Virtual Health Library (VHL), POPLINE, New York Academy of Medicine gray Literature Report (NYAM), and System for Information on gray Literature in Europe (SIGLE). Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 54 papers for the systemic review. Briefly, in vitro studies showed that M. morindoides possessed anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-amoebic, anti-larval, spasmolytic, anti-oxidant effects and complementary modulation. Moreover, those effects were emphasized in animal studies. The plant also showed positive activities on body metabolism studied on animal models such as hypotensive, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic actions. M. morindoides showed its safety on animals' organs as it did not dramatically change in blood parameters or injure cardiac tissues. However, there were many inconsistent results from various studies in terms of its benefits while its extracts showed a wide range of safety on different cells. M. morindoides has proven to have potential therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, higher quality studies on human are necessary to be conducted, which can provide stronger evidence to confirm M. morindoides's effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".