Supplementary material from "Changes in Inuit Hunting Practices Coinciding with the Introduction of Firearms in Nunatsiavut: Evidence from Stable Isotope Analysis of Ringed Seals"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study used stable isotope analysis (SIA) of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of pinniped (seal) bone collagen from two Inuit archaeological sites in Nunatsiavut (Labrador, Canada), Oakes Bay 1 (HeCg-08) and Uivak Point 1 (HjCl-09). We use SIA to examine the relationship between Inuit communities and pinnipeds between the 17th-19th centuries CE, specifically the kinds of environments from which people harvested seals, exploring the environmental, social, and economic factors influencing seal hunting. During this period in Nunatsiavut, temperatures fluctuated, European colonial presence increased, and extensive social changes occurred among the Inuit, including a shift in settlement patterns. The trophic position and foraging pattern of harvested pinnipeds remained relatively stable, but we observed an increase in the seals' trophic variability over the time period considered. These results suggest that when entrepreneurial Inuit individuals accessed firearms in larger numbers during the 18th century CE, they gained the opportunity to hunt a larger portion of the ringed seal population living in the region, likely including more large and potentially older individuals. This study highlights the impact that technological and social change can have on subsistence practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.771 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".