Intersection of gender based violence and xenophobia against visible minority women: examining the status quo for policy and practice implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a broad term that includes any action resulting in physical, mental, or emotional harm toward women because of their gender. GBV can intersect with xenophobia and disproportionately affect visible minority women who are non-Indigenous and non-Caucasian women. Among different forms of GBV, community and structural forms of violence substantially affect visible minority women’s lives in Canada. Community-level GBV often manifests through instances like race-based hate crimes or sexual violence, while hostility and discrimination toward women in the workplace are examples of structural-level GBV. Visible minority women, including cis and trans women, have become the prime targets of increased xenophobic violence in public places and workplaces in Canada. Failure to address such violence at the structural level creates a cycle where acts of GBV are seen as individual problems, and victims are dissuaded from reporting and seeking support.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".