Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dataset containing 3224489 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "HasCoordinate is true", "Year is greater than or equal to 1960", { "or" : [ "Country is Canada", "Country is United States of America", "Country is Mexico" ] }, "OccurrenceStatus is Present", { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)" ] } }, "TaxonKey is one of (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J.Forbes, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindl. ex Hildebr., Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., Abies grandis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl., Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., Abies magnifica A.Murray bis, Abies procera Rehd., Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., Acer barbatum Michx., Acer glabrum Torr., Acer grandidentatum Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray, Acer leucoderme Small, Acer macrophyllum Pursh, Acer negundo L., Acer nigrum F.Michx., Acer pensylvanicum L., Acer platanoides L., Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharinum L., Acer saccharum Marshall, Acer spicatum Lam., Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt., Aesculus flava Sol., Aesculus glabra Willd., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Alnus oblongifolia Torr., Alnus rhombifolia Nutt., Alnus rubra Bong., Amelanchier arborea (F.Michx.) Fernald, Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC., Annona glabra L., Arbutus arizonica (A.Gray) Sarg., Arbutus menziesii Pursh, Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, Avicennia germinans (L.) L., Betula alleghaniensis Britton, Betula lenta L., Betula nigra L., Betula occidentalis Hook., Betula papyrifera Marshall, Betula populifolia Marshall, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin, Carpinus caroliniana Walter, Carya aquatica (F.Michx.) Nutt., Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch, Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch, Carya laciniosa (F.Michx.) Loudon, Carya myristiciformis (F.Michx.) Nutt., Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg., Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch, Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn., Carya texana Buckley, Carya alba (L.) Nutt., Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh., Castanea mollissima Blume, Castanea pumila (L.) Mill., Castanea ozarkensis Ashe, Catalpa bignonioides Walter, Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm., Celtis laevigata Willd., Celtis reticulata Torr., Celtis occidentalis L., Cercis canadensis L., Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt., Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A.Murray bis) Parl., Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (D.Don) Farjon & Harder, Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Chrysolepis chrysophylla (Douglas ex Hook.) Hjelmq., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.Cours.) Rudd, Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey, Condalia hookeri M.C.Johnst., Conocarpus erectus L., Cornus florida L., Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & A.Gray, Cotinus obovatus Raf., Crataegus crus-galli L., Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A.Gray) Scheele, Cupressus arizonica Greene, Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon, Cupressus sargentii Jeps., Diospyros texana Scheele, Diospyros virginiana L., Ebenopsis ebano (Berland.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes, Ehretia anacua (Terán & Berl.) I.M.Johnst., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Ficus aurea Nutt., Fraxinus americana L., Fraxinus caroliniana Mill., Fraxinus latifolia Benth., Fraxinus nigra Marshall, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush, Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx., Fraxinus albicans Buckley, Fraxinus velutina Torr., Ginkgo biloba L., Gleditsia aquatica Marshall, Gleditsia triacanthos L., Gordonia lasianthus L. ex Ellis, Guapira discolor (Spreng) Little, Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K.Koch, Halesia carolina L., Halesia diptera J.Ellis ex L., Ilex opaca Aiton, Juglans cinerea L., Juglans hindsii (Jeps.) Jeps. ex R.E.Sm., Juglans major (Torr.) A.Heller, Juglans microcarpa Berl., Juglans nigra L., Juniperus ashei J.T.Buchholz, Juniperus californica Carrière, Juniperus coahuilensis (Martínez) Gaussen ex R.P.Adams, Juniperus deppeana Steud., Juniperus flaccida Schltdl., Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg., Juniperus occidentalis Hook., Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little, Juniperus pinchotii Sudw., Juniperus scopulorum Sarg., Juniperus virginiana L., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F.Gaertn., Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch, Larix lyallii Parl., Larix occidentalis Nutt., Leucaena pulverulenta (Schltdl.) Benth., Liquidambar styraciflua L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Manos, Cannon & S.H.Oh, Maclura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) C.K.Schneid., Magnolia acuminata (L.) L., Magnolia fraseri Walter, Magnolia grandiflora L., Magnolia macrophylla Michx., Magnolia tripetala (L.) L., Magnolia virginiana L., Malus angustifolia (Aiton) Michx., Malus coronaria (L.) Mill., Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K.Schneid., Malus ioensis (Alph.Wood) Britton, Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake, Melia azedarach L., Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urb., Morus alba L., Morus microphylla Buckley, Morus rubra L., Nyssa aquatica L., Nyssa biflora Walter, Nyssa ogeche W.Bartram ex Marshall, Nyssa sylvatica Marshall, Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K.Koch, Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC., Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud., Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng., Picea abies (L.) H.Karst., Picea breweriana S.Watson, Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al., Picea pungens Engelm., Picea rubens Sarg., Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière, Pinus albicaulis Engelm., Pinus aristata Engelm., Pinus arizonica Engelm., Pinus attenuata Lemmon, Pinus balfouriana Balf., Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinus cembroides Zucc., Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Sarg., Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, Pinus coulteri D.Don, Pinus discolor D.K.Bailey & Hawksw., Pinus echinata Mill., Pinus edulis Engelm., Pinus elliottii Engelm., Pinus engelmannii Carrière, Pinus flexilis E.James, Pinus glabra Walter, Pinus jeffreyi Balf., Pinus lambertiana Douglas, Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham., Pinus longaeva D.K.Bailey, Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém., Pinus monticola Douglas ex D.Don, Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold, Pinus palustris Mill., Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C.Lawson, Pinus pungens Lamb., Pinus remota (Little) D.K.Bailey & Hawksw., Pinus resinosa Aiton, Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex D.Don, Pinus serotina Michx., Pinus strobiformis Engelm., Pinus strobus L., Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus taeda L., Pinus virginiana Mill., Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg., Planera aquatica J.F.Gmel., Platanus occidentalis L., Platanus wrightii S.Watson, Populus alba L., Populus angustifolia E.James, Populus balsamifera L., Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A.Gray ex Hook., Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall, Populus fremontii S.Watson, Populus grandidentata Michx., Populus heterophylla L., Populus tremuloides Michx., Prosopis glandulosa Torr., Prosopis pubescens Benth., Prosopis velutina Wooton, Prunus americana Marshall, Prunus avium (L.) L., Prunus cerasus L., Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hook.) Eaton, Prunus nigra Aiton, Prunus pensylvanica L.fil., Prunus persica (L.) Stokes, Prunus serotina Ehrh., Prunus virginiana L., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Quercus agrifolia Née, Quercus alba L., Quercus arizonica Sarg., Quercus bicolor Willd., Quercus buckleyi Nixon & Dorr, Quercus chrysolepis Liebm., Quercus coccinea Münchh., Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn., Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J.Hill, Quercus emoryi Torr., Quercus engelmannii Greene, Quercus falcata Michx., Quercus gambelii Nutt., Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook., Quercus canbyi Trel., Quercus gravesii Sudw., Quercus grisea Liebm., Quercus hypoleucoides A.Camus, Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh., Quercus imbricaria Michx., Quercus incana W.Bartram, Quercus kelloggii Newb., Quercus laceyi Small, Quercus laevis Walter, Quercus laurifolia Michx., Quercus lobata Née, Quercus lyrata Walter, Quercus macrocarpa Michx., Quercus margaretiae (Ashe) Small, Quercus marilandica (L.) Münchh., Quercus michauxii Nutt., Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small, Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm., Quercus nigra L., Quercus oblongifolia Torr., Quercus pagoda Raf., Quercus palustris Münchh., Quercus phellos L., Quercus prinoides Willd., Quercus montana Willd., Quercus rubra L., Quercus rugosa Née, Quercus shumardii Buckley, Quercus similis Ashe, Quercus sinuata Walter, Quercus stellata Wangenh., Quercus texana Buckley, Quercus velutina Lam., Quercus virginiana Mill., Quercus wislizeni A.DC., Rhizophora mangle L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f., Salix alba L., Salix amygdaloides Andersson, Salix bebbiana Sarg., Salix caroliniana Michx., Salix nigra Marshall, Salix ×sepulcralis Simonk., Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn., Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl., Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx., Sideroxylon salicifolium (L.) Lam., Styphnolobium affine (Torr. & A.Gray) Walp., Sorbus americana Marshall, Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid., Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., Taxus brevifolia Nutt., Leucothrinax morrisii (H.Wendl.) C.Lewis & Zona, Thuja occidentalis L., Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don, Tilia americana L., Tilia americana L., Torreya californica Torr., Triadica sebifera (L.) Small, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, Tsuga caroliniana Engelm., Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carrière, Ulmus alata Michx., Ulmus americana L., Ulmus crassifolia Nutt., Ulmus pumila L., Ulmus rubra Muhl., Ulmus serotina Sarg., Ulmus thomasii Sarg., Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt., Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw)" ] } The dataset includes 3224489 records from 555 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0069344-240626123714530/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets in
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.268 | 0.379 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".