Design of a Multi-Harmonic Buncher for TRIUMF 500 MeV Cyclotron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The TRIUMF 500 MeV cyclotron injection system consists of a 40 m long beamline to transport the 300 keV H⁻ ion beams into the cyclotron. Part of the original beamline, the vertical injection section, was replaced in 2011 and, while the remaining horizontal injection section is being redesigned for replacement. As part of the horizontal injection beamline upgrade, the present buncher system will be replaced with a new one. Presently, the injection system consists of two double gap bunchers. The first buncher operates at the cyclotron RF frequency (23.06 MHz) while the second operates at the second harmonic frequency (46.12 MHz). The proposed new buncher is based on a two-electrode multi-harmonic system, which will be operated by up to three harmonics. The beam dynamics studies have been performed, including the space-charge effects using the particle-in-cell code WARP. Simulation results of longitudinal beam dynamics are presented for transporting beam intensity up to 1 mA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".