Does the semi-rigid collar add to the care of a potential cervical spine injury? An experimental approach to assess the impact of a semi-rigid collar in the tilt of an athlete.
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cervical spine (CxSp) injuries are prevalent in rugby union, with reported incident rates ranging from 8.9% to 41.3% (Leahy et al., 2019). Approximately 46% of these injuries necessitate immediate removal from play (Swain et al., 2010). Current protocols advocate for full immobilisation and extrication if the Canadian CxSp rules are not met. This includes the sizing and application of a semi-rigid collar, and two 15-degree tilts onto a split spinal board (Stiell et al., 2001; World Rugby, n.d.). However, existing research on semi-rigid collars primarily focuses on their efficacy in road traffic collisions (Engsberg et al., 2013; Nutbeam et al., 2021), raising questions about their suitability in controlled trauma environments such as rugby pitches. This study aims to investigate the variation in CxSp range of motion (ROM) during semi-rigid collar application by newly trained individuals and assess CxSp movements during athlete tilting, with and without collar use. Findings will offer insights into semi-rigid collar efficacy in sporting trauma settings. Using a pre-post randomised design, participants will undergo training resembling Rugby Football Union Pre-Hospital Immediate Care in Sport courses, covering collar sizing and application techniques (part 1) and 15 degree tilting manoeuvres (part 2). Learning styles will be accommodated through a four-step process, which will involve demonstration, deconstruction, formulation and performance (Jenko et al., 2012). Inertial measurement units will be used to segment movement of the head and torso, to estimate CxSp movement. Collar refitting during the study's second phase will be conducted by the research team who are experienced in the protocol. This will ensure that the variance in tilting technique is not due to erroneous collar sizing and application from part 1. This research aims to enhance global medical understanding of semi-rigid collar use in sports-related trauma scenarios.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.019 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it