Long-term (2000-2017) response of lake-bottom temperature to climate variation in two adjacent tundra lakes, western Arctic coast, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lakes are principal agents of disturbance to permafrost. Many Arctic lakes are well-mixed in summer, so lake-bottom temperature is associated with thaw-season climate. In winter, the thermal regimes of the atmosphere and lake-bottoms are distinct. Measurements of bottom temperatures on shallow near-shore terraces and in deep central pools at two tundra lakes show lake regime responses to climate variation. Annual mean temperatures have varied in 2000-17 between -5.7 and 2.8 Celsius (°C) for shallow terraces and 1.1 and 4.5 °C for deep pools, and between -11.5 and -8.4 °C in the air. R^2 for thawing degree-days at lake-bottom and in the air ranged between 0.83 and 0.91 at shallow sites, and up to 0.85 for deep sites. Using the four warmest and coldest years as an analogue for climate change - an adjustment that may occur this century - talik geometry may take millennia to reach equilibrium. These data are included in a proceedings paper under the same title and authors for the 2021 Regional Conference on Permafrost in Boulder, Colorado.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".