Investigation of tolerance for icing of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) rotors / propellers: phase 6
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last five years, the National Research Council (NRC) and Transport Canada (TC) have entered into collaborative research agreements as part of TC’s Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) Task Force with the objective of creating an evidence-based regulatory framework for safe operation of small RPAS in icing. This work has concentrated on the rotors and propellers of these systems and examined the aerodynamic degradation in terms of reduced thrust and increased power requirements resulting from encounters with icing conditions. This phase of the research program examines the data taken from single rotors exposed to icing, and compares them to the operation of full RPAS systems within similar hazardous environments and, in doing so, enables the development of methods that could be employed to demonstrate the means of compliance of the safe flight in icing. Using a combination of established icing envelopes related to general and transport category aircraft and employing data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), a range of potentially hazardous icing conditions specific to the operations of small RPAS is presented. These data, along with the aerodynamic degradation observed for small RPAS rotors and propellers, are used to present a framework for the assessment of safe RPAS flight in icing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".