Oral Health Status among Children and Adolescents of Slums of Karachi, Pakistan: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: In many developing nations, particularly low-income ones, dental issues’ national/regional incidence is unknown. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 not-for-profit primary health-care clinics among children and adolescents aged 7–18. The information was collected through the Google Form, and inferences were drawn and analyzed through SPSS version 17. Results: Most of our participants were females (60%); 41% were those who maintained their hygiene practices. Sugar intake was high in 75% of subjects. Forty-five percent of research participants take sugar in sweets, toffee, chocolate, sweet pan with beetle nuts, soft drinks, and tetra-pack juices five times a day. Fifty-three percent of dental care problems are shown among the screened population. Conclusion: The present study shows dental caries are more prevalent among children and adolescents in slums compared to adults. A school-based dental health educational approach must be implemented to combat it proactively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".