High performance lubricants for demanding PM applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The achievement of high density at reasonable cost is without a doubt one of the major ques of the P/M industry. Hish density can be achieved through various processing mutes involving the shaping of the part and/or the sintering. In particular, single pressing methods such as warm compaction and die wall lubrication are known to give green density in the range of 7.2 to 7.5 g·cm-3 depening on the powder formulation. Nevertheless, these pressing techniques normally require tighter control, are costly and may reduce productivity compared to conventional pressing method. More recently, new high performance lubricants were developed to achieve higher green density than conventional lubricant by cold compaction or temperature-controlled die compaction. This paper presents the green and sintered characteristics of these newly developed high performance lubricants in a laboratory and production scale. In particular, the compaction and ejection characteristics of these new lubricants ale compared to that obtained with other conventional lubricants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".