Data from: Sex-biased dispersal is independent of sex ratio in a semiaquatic insect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dispersal influences a variety of ecological and evolutionary dynamics including metapopulation persistence and local adaptation. Sex-biased dispersal evolves when the costs and benefits associated with dispersal differ between the sexes. These costs and benefits may be fixed, resulting in a consistent pattern of sex-biased dispersal within species whereby one sex always disperses more and/or further than the other. Alternatively, the costs and benefits may vary depending on the intensity of competition experienced by the two sexes. In this case, the direction of the sex bias may be plastic and depend on the sex ratio of the population. In the current study, we asked whether a semiaquatic, flight capable insect (Notonecta undulata) exhibits sex-biased dispersal and whether the strength of intrasexual competition experienced by males and females determines the direction of the sex bias. We conducted a mesocosm experiment in which we manipulated the population sex ratio and measured the probability of dispersal for males and females. We found that while both sexes dispersed, male dispersal rates were higher, and this pattern was independent of sex ratio. This suggests that fixed sex-specific dispersal costs and/or benefits are likely to be more important determinants of sex-biased dispersal in notonectids than population sex ratio.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.055 | 0.051 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".