Heat Capacity Mapping Mission 1978 - 1980
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) was an experimental satellite program that observed thermal conditions on the Earths surface either during the day or at night. The mission was the first of a series of NASA Applications Explorer Missions (AEM-A). Day/night coverage over a given area occurred at intervals ranging from 12 to 36 hours with a 16-day repeat cycle. The satellite was operational from April 1978 to September 1980. The initial orbit of 620 km was lowered to 540 km in February 1980. Coverage includes parts of the United States, Canada, Europe, Africa, and Australia. The source data were transmitted to seven ground stations and stored on binary magnetic tape. Copies of the original data were made on High Density Tapes and on black-and-white film. The HCMM source data on tape are no longer readable. Approximately 2,700 processed digital scenes were successfully recovered from a set of tapes that had been migrated to more modern media. The only full set of HCMM data that remain are on black-and-white film. The film images have been scanned on photogrammetric quality equipment, making the data available in digital format. Since the data could be of historical value for global change research, the images have been made accessible to the scientific community through EarthExplorer. The collection includes approximately 48,000 scenes that were registered to a Hotine Oblique Mercator projection. The HCMM Radiometer operated with two channels. The first detected visible to near infrared (0.55-1.1 micrometers) radiation and the second detected thermal infrared (10.5-12.5 micrometers) radiation. The HCMM collection consists of day visible, day thermal infrared, night infrared, temperature difference, and apparent thermal inertia images. The temperature difference and apparent thermal inertia are approximations derived from radiometer measurements. More information on the conversion formulas for apparent thermal inertia can be found in the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission Anthology. HCMM nomenclature refers to the visible to near infrared channel as Vis and the thermal infrared channel as IR. The scenes are designated as Day-Vis, Day-IR, Night-IR, Temp-Diff, or Thermal-I. The spatial resolution is approximately 500 meters for the visible channel, 600 meters for the thermal channel, and 600 meters for the calculated data.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".