Supplementary photographs from: The Canadian fossil record supports anagenesis in Triceratops (Ornithischia, Ceratopsia)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evolution of the ceratopsid dinosaur Triceratops has been hypothesized to have proceeded anagenetically, with the geologically older Triceratops horridus having directly given rise to the younger Triceratops prorsus. This evolutionary scenario is based primarily on the upper Maastricthian fossil record of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana. The Canadian fossil record affords an opportunity to test this hypothesis beyond the geographic bounds where it was originally developed. The Canadian strata (lower Scollard Formation of Alberta and Frenchman Formation of Saskatchewan) are roughly contemporaneous with the upper third of the Hell Creek Formation where T. prorsus is found. On the anagenesis hypothesis, the Canadian strata should, therefore, uniquely contain that species. Our exhaustive survey of the Canadian Triceratops material, supported by cladistic and ordination analyses, confirms the presence of a single species, T. prorsus, in Canada, yielding robust support for the anagenesis hypothesis conceived for the genus.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.264 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".