Senopterina Macquart 1835

Key for Brazilian species of Senopterina 1. Scutum with three pruinescent fasciae (Fig. 43); wing with a band at r-m extending upwards to C (Fig. 43 & 50).......................................................................................... (Figs. 43–61) S. macularis - Scutum without fasciae (Figs. 1, 17, & 31); wing without band over r-m to wing margin at C (Figs. 5, 19, & 36).......... 2 2. Thorax slender; post-pronotal lobe lighter than notum (Fig. 1); glans slender, length more than 3x the width (Fig. 8–9 & 12); terminal filaments short, 2x the length of glans (Fig. 12).................................... (Figs. 1–16) S. brevipes - Thorax robust; post-pronotal lobe with same colour of notum (Figs. 17–18, & 31–32); glans broader length about 2x the width (Figs. 24, & 41); terminal filaments long, more than 4x the length of glans (Figs. 23 & 38)........................... 3 3. Prementum yellow (Figs. 31); mid and hind femur proximal half yellow, distal half brown (Figs. 31)...........................................................................................(Figs. 31–42) S. flavifemoris sp. nov. - Prementum dark brown (Fig. 17); mid and hind femur dark brown (Figs. 17).............. (Figs. 17–30) S. canina sp. nov. Taxonomy Senopterina Macquart, 1835 Type species: Dacus brevipes Fabricius, 1805: 272 (monotypy Macquart, 1835: 454). Synonyms: Bricinnia Walker, 1861: 324. Bricinniella Giglio-Tos, 1893: 13. Diagnosis: Senopterina can be segregated from other Nearctic and Neotropical genera of Platystomatidae by the wing pattern and colour of the body. In Senopterina the wing pattern are interspecifically variable, consisting of various brown marks on an otherwise hyaline wing membrane, M 1 at r-m level straight, and arista bare, while in Rivellia there are two to three sub-apical transversal bands, M 1 curved at r-m level, and arista micropubescent; in Amphicnephes the wing is reticulated, arista micropubescent, and M 1 straight at r-m level; and in Himeroessa it has a remnant crossvein on M 1 beyond dm-m, which is absent in all other genera. Senopterina differs from those exotic genera by the colour of the body, in Platystoma, Plagiostenopterina and Pogonortalis, the body is black. Additionally, cell r 4+5 is broad in Senopterina, whereas in those exotic genera it is narrowed apically. Body: general colour varying to dull brown, to metallic lustre blueish, greenish or violet. Measurement: 04– 15 mm. Head: higher than long; frons rectangular, sometimes square or trapezoid, some specimens with anterior half yellow, posterior half brown, some species dark-brown, covered by fine hairs, whitish or yellow; ocellar triangle yellowish, sometimes dark-brown; ocellar tubercle brown; two orbital setae, variable from well developed to both reduce or only posterior reduced; postocellar setae reduced, parallel or divergent; inner vertical setae reclined; outer vertical setae reclined to lateroclinate; lunule developed, brownish yellow to black; eye oval, higher than wider, posterior margin small; antennal scape and pedicel small, covered by setae black or golden; one pedicel hair; postpedicel long and thin; arista bare, basal, longer than postpedicel, brownish black and brownish yellow in upper third; face brownish yellow, straight, concave, or angulate, with one lateral fascia brownish black; parafacial with a golden pollinose; gena narrow to broad, yellow to dark-brown; one genal setae; postgena broad, yellowish to brown; occiput brownish yellow, some specimens dark-brown; medial occiput sclerite brownish yellow to black; labia brown to brownish black with or without metallic shiny; labellum brownish yellow to brownish black, bare. Measurements: eye height: 1.1–2.3 mm; eye length: 0.8–1.2 mm; head height: 1.8–2.7 mm; head length: 1.1–2.3 mm; postpedicel height: 0.59–1.4 mm; postpedicel length 0.15–0.30 mm; gena height 0.14–0.34 mm; frons posterior width: 0.5–1.3 mm; frons anterior width: 0.6–1.5 mm; frons length: 0.6–1.1 mm; ocellar triangle length: 0.1–0.2 mm. Thorax: ground colour brownish yellow to black, with or without metallic lustre, inconspicuous to intense, green, blue, or violet; some species with postpronotal lobe colour lighter than thorax; some species have scutum with three pruinescent fasciae; covered by small black, white, or yellowish hairs, dense at the scutoscutellar suture; one basal postpronotal seta; one notopleural; two supra-alar; one postalar; postalar callus and pleura with or without whitish pruinescence; anepisternum with whiteish fine hairs at the posterior margin; anepimeron with or without reduced hairs at the posterior upper margin; meron bare, excepting a row of small whitish yellow setae on the lower margin; scutellum rounded, bare, with one basal scutellar seta, one apical scutellar seta; some species with one lateral scutellar seta, some specimens with a colour lighter than thorax. Measurement: thorax length: 2.2–4.8 mm; thorax width: 1.2–3.3 mm; thorax height: 1.5–3.6 mm. Legs: yellow to dark-brown, covered by blackish setulae, in some species yellow or whiteish; some species the femora have anterior half yellowish, posterior half brownish, some species with fore femur dark brown, mid and hind femur yellowish in anterior half, brownish in posterior half; fore femur with a row of 4–6 setae on ventral surface; hind femur with a row of 4–6 setae on dorsal surface; in some species the tibia have a black fascia on the dorsal surface. Wings: hyaline, with a pattern of brownish yellow to brownish black fasciae, one Costal fascia, except at c cell, reaching R 4+5; one medial fascia at br cell—some specimens with broad fasciae fusing with C fascia, or extending to dm cell; one band at dm-m; with or without a dark band starting at r-m to the upper margin; veins yellow or dark-brown; R 1 covered by setulae, at dorsal surface; R 4+5 sparsely covered by setulae after Rs, at dorsal surface; Venation: R 1 curved upward slight before r-m; R 2+3 and R 4+5, after r-m, slightly curved upwards; r-m oblique; dm-m straight, slightly curved, slightly “S” shaped or noticeably sinuous; CuA 2 +A 1 ending near the wing posterior border; halter: yellow, or brownish-black to black. Measurements: wing length 4.9–13.0 mm; wing width 1.6–3.5 mm. Abdomen: tergites brownish black to black; with or without an inconspicuous to intense metallic lustre green, blue, violet, or green; with white, yellow, or black hairs, syntergite: 1+2 with fewer hairs; pleura greyish to black; sternite reduced, brownish, bare; sternite 5 bilobed. ♂: epandrium sclerite, in lateral view, anterior half concave, posterior half convex, with setulae; sub-epandrial sclerite, in lateral view saddle like, in dorsal view “Y” shape; lateral surstylus long, with an apical hook; medial surstylus hide behind lateral surstylus, with one apical prensiseta, hooklike, strongly sclerotized; cerci bifid, with setulae, broad or narrow, dorsal surface straight or concave; distiphallus slight flat, rifled edge; preglans slight wider than distiphallus; glans oval; terminal filaments double, equal, slight broad to thin. ♀: ovipositor long and narrow; cerci rounded apically, with two to three setae; spermathecae 2+1 or 1+1, strongly sclerotized or hyaline, oval or rounded, external surface smooth or tuberculate, internal structure amphora-like, cylindric with or without basal crest; apical bulge apparent (concave and hyaline) or not. Measurements: abdomen length 3.5–7.2 mm; distiphallus length 1.9–2.9 mm; glans length 0,36– 0.44 mm; glans width 0.14–0.16 mm; terminal filaments length 1.0–6.0 mm. Sexual dimorphism: ♂ abdomen triangular, in dorsal view; sternite 5 bilobed. ♀ abdomen ovoid. Distribution: exclusive to the Nearctica and Neotropical regions: Canada, USA, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Biology: Observations in Brazil suggest that this species is attracted to fermented cane molasses, citric fruit juices, and animal carcasses. It has been collected in the spring and summer of the Southern hemisphere (October to March).

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