Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus Pallas 1778
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus Pallas 1778 Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus Pallas 1778, Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord.: 30. Type Locality: Not stated; restricted by Trouessart (1910), to Poland (see discussion in Ognev, 1940:140, who further restricted it to SW Poland). Vernacular Names: European Hare. Subspecies:: Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. europaeus Pallas 1778 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. caspicus Hemprich and Erhenberg 1832 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. connori Robinson 1918 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. creticus Barrett-Hamilton 1903 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. cyprius Barrett-Hamilton 1903 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. cyrensis Satunin 1905 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. hybridus Desmarest 1822 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. judeae Gray 1867 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. karpathorum Hilzheimer 1906 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. medius Nilsson 1820 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. occidentalis de Winton 1898 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. parnassius Miller 1903 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. ponticus Ognev 1929 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. rhodius Festa 1914 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. syriacus Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832 Subspecies Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus subsp. transsylvanicus Matschie 1901 Distribution: Open woodland, steppe and sub-desert: from S Sweden and Finland to Britain, throughout Europe (not Iberian Penin. south of Cantabria and the Ebro River, or south of Siena in Italy), to W Siberian lowlands; south to N Israel, N Syria, N Iraq, the Tigris-Euphrates valley and W Iran. SE border of range (Iran) from S Caspian Sea south to Persian Gulf (54 EE); see Angerman (1983:19). Introduced to Ireland, SE Canada-NE USA, S South America, Australia, New Zealand and several islands, including Barbados, Réunion, and the Falklands. Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc); however, this once common species is now declining across Europe and a reevaluation of its status is likely to place it in one of the IUCN threatened categories (Schneider, 1997). Discussion: Subgenus Eulagus (Averianov, 1998; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Gureev, 1964). This species was earlier placed in capensis by Petter (1961 a) based on what was interpreted as a cline in morphological characters (mainly size) from NE Africa eastward across the N Arabian peninsula and the Middle East, and northward through Israel to Turkey. Sympatry between large " europaeus " and small " capensis " (= tolai) in Kazakhstan, without evidence of hybridization (Sludskii et al., 1980) was interpreted as overlapping ends of a Rassenkreis. Angermann's (1983) re-analysis indicated a marked discontinuity between smaller "capensis" (incl. arabicus) and larger europaeus running from the E Mediterranean coast (C Israel) through Iran, and on this basis we separate europaeus from capensis and tolai. East of the border of the range of europaeus in Iran, tolai occurs, apparently in allo- or parapatry with europaeus. Insular populations in the E Mediterranean were assigned to this species (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), but need to be reviewed. See also comments under tolai and tibetanus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".