Rudolfina howdeni Paiero & Marshall 2020, sp. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rudolfina howdeni sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0B9431DE-EFE1-41EC-B9B3-39303EDE435E Figs 1A, 11–12, 21B Etymology This species name, which has been a manuscript name since Marshall (1982), is a patronym for Dr Henry Howden. Henry was a great entomologist and friend who advised SM during his M.Sc. at Carleton University; we regret that he did not live to see this beautiful species published. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♂; Oaxaca, 6.6 mi. N of Ixtlan de Juarez; 8300 ft a.s.l.; 10–18 Aug. 1973; A. Newton leg.; oak woodland, human dung; FMNH debu01086096. Paratypes MEXICO – Hidalgo • 1 ♂; 7 mi. SW of Tenango de Doria; 7000 ft a.s.l.; 2–6 Jul. 1971; A. Newton leg.; cloud oak forest, human dung; DEBU. – Jalisco • 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 14 mi. W of Atenquique; 7900 ft a.s.l.; A. Newton leg.; hardwood forest, dung; CASC • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; FMNH • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; UNAM • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; DEBU • 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; 18 mi. W of Atenquique; 9300 ft a.s.l.; A. Newton leg.; fir forest, dung; CNCI • 7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; FMNH • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; UNAM. – México • 3 ♂♂; 1 mi. E of Ixtapan de la Sal, at km 78; 6200 ft a.s.l.; 31 Aug.–6 Sep. 1971; A. Newton leg.; Trop / Dec / Jun., human dung; DEBU • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 5 mi. E of Santa Marta, at km 8.5; 10 100 ft a.s.l.; 29 Aug.–4 Sep. 1971; A. Newton leg.; fir forest, human dung; DEBU. – Morelos • 2 ♀♀; 4 mi. W of Tres Cumbres, at km 6; 8900 ft a.s.l.; 29 Aug.–4 Sep. 1971; A. Newton leg.; oak, human dung; DEBU • 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; 4 mi. W of Tres Cumbres, at km 6¾; 9000 ft a.s.l.; 29 Aug.–4 Sep. 1971; A. Newton leg.; oak, human dung; DEBU. – Oaxaca • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; DEBU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; FMNH • 1 ♂; 29.7 mi. S of Valle Nacional; 6800 ft a.s.l.; 11–17 Aug. 1973; A. Newton leg.; cloud forest, dung; DEBU • 1 ♂; 2.0 mi. W of Jct. Mex. 175- Yuvila Rd; 9500 ft a.s.l.; 8–19 Aug. 1973; A. Newton leg.; oak-pine, dung; DEBU • 1 ♂; 4.1 mi. W of Jct. Mex. 175- Yuvila Rd; 9300 ft a.s.l.; 8–19 Aug. 1973; A. Newton leg.; oak-fir-pine forest; DEBU • 1 ♂; 5 mi. E of Jct. Mex. 175- Yuvila Rd; 7600 ft a.s.l.; 9–19 Aug. 1973; A. Newton leg.; oak, pine, dung; DEBU • 1 ♂; 20 mi. N of Ixtlan; 2835 m a.s.l.; 24–27 Jul. 1971; A. Newton leg.; oak-pine; DEBU. – Veracruz • 1 ♂; Ciudad Mendoza, 8.2 mi. W on Mex. 150D; 6200 ft a.s.l.; 27 Jul.–3 Aug. 1973; A. Newton leg.; oak woodland, carrion; DEBU. Description BODY. Length: 1.6–2.0 mm. Eye height 2.0 × genal height. Head with 4–5 interfrontal setae and row of 6–8 small setulae on inner margin of orbital plate. Gena with 2 setae and 6–8 setulae. Acrostichal setulae in 4–6 rows. Costa with costagial seta extending to subcostal break. Second costal sector ~0.85× third costal sector. Length of M 1 between crossveins dm-cu and r-m ~2.0 × dm-cu; CuA 1 stub vein ~7.0 × M 1 stub vein. Male mid femur with 10–15 setae in ovoid ventrobasal cluster. Male mid tibia with ventral comb of 6–7 robust, short setae on apical ½. MALE ABDOMEN (Fig. 11). Posterior margin of sternite 5 with pair of large medially-projecting blunt teeth on each side of emargination; emargination extending ~¼ length and ~1/8 width of sternite 5; emargination lined with sclerotized strip. Transverse part of sternite 6 weakly arcuate. Epandrium with pair of long lateral setae, 3–4 smaller pairs of setae along lower margin of anal opening and several other small setae scattered over the surface; subanal plate narrow but complete. Surstylus (in lateral view) with small hirsute anterior lobe and elongate clavate posterior lobe (~4.0 × length of anterior lobe); posterior lobe with 4–5 large setae and numerous smaller setae apically, and 2–3 bifurcating setae on inner surface. Cercus elongate, clavate, projecting ventrally. Postgonite elongate, narrowly rounded apically. Dorsal sclerite of distiphallus (Fig. 11 F–H) not swollen along length and not extending beyond apex of acrophallus. FEMALE ABDOMEN (Fig. 12). Posterior margin of tergite 7 entire or slightly emarginate medially. Medial part of tergite 8 elongate (length ~1.5–3.0 × width), with anterior margin rounded (some specimens with posterior half poorly sclerotized and difficult to see). Epiproct diamond-shaped. Cercus as long as epiproct, with elongate preapical seta. Sternite 7 entire. Spermathecae cup-shaped and short, with sclerotized duct ~3.5 × length of spermatheca. Remarks The male sternite 5, epandrium, surstylus and cercus are unique within Rudolfina.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".