Parapterogramma dentatum Kuwahara, Marshall & Luk, 2025, sp. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parapterogramma dentatum sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3E00C8FC-70B6-4E82-B28B-0A898BF08860 Figs 6–7, 40C, 42 Etymology This species name (from the Latin ‘ dentatus ’, ‘toothed’) refers to the tooth-like lateral projections on the distiphallus and the tooth-like ventral knobs of the postgonite. Material examined Holotype PAPUA NEW GUINEA • ♂; Kokoda Trail, Iora Creek, 17 km S of Kokoda; 1400 m a.s.l.; 3–6 Aug. 1976; O. Kukal leg.; dung; DEBU. Description BODY (Fig. 6). Length 1.3 mm. Head dark brown with lower portion of frons lighter and silvery microtomentum limited to bases of interfrontal and orbital bristles, ocellar triangle, lunule, and around inner vertical bristle; gena brownish-yellow; antenna brown. Frontal width 2.5× interfrontal height. Eye height 4.0 × genal height. Thorax brown with indistinct paler central stripe; scutellum brown with dark brown anteromedial spot. Microtomentum limited to postpronotal lobes and posterolateral corners of scutum. Anterior dorsocentral bristles separated by 5–6 rows of acrostichal setulae. Legs brown, mid femur slightly yellowish, tarsi paler. Male mid tibia with stout apicoventral bristle only. Wing (Fig. 40C) pattern weak. CS2 0.4 × CS3. R 2+3 broadly curved in apical half, angled at ~70° to costa; costa extending well beyond apex of R 4+5 (5 × costal width). M 1 and M 4 both indistinct beyond dm-m; CuA+CuP long. Halter whitish. MALE ABDOMEN (Fig. 7). S5 broad, rectangular, posteromedially desclerotized with a long posterolateral seta and dense microtomentum on the membrane posterior to desclerotized part. S6 short and slightly curved. Cercus flat, subquadrate with two setae; subepandrial sclerite indistinct but medially darkened. Surstylus long but low, bilobed: anterior lobe triangular, bulging outwards slightly with sparse long setae, posterior lobe rounded triangular, ventrally curved posteriorly with stout apical seta, main part densely setose/setulose, middle part connecting lobes with ventral row of long setae. Postgonite elongate, slightly curved, apex broadly expanded anteriorly in a foot-like shape, ventral surface with many rounded, tooth-like projections, just basal to foot-like part with a bulging, rounded lateral lobe. Phallapodeme elongate, apex triangular and flared; basiphallus large, greatly enlarged posteriorly, laterally flattened, and densely setulose. Distiphallus stout, largely membranous, and complex: centrally supported by a sinuate upper sclerite and scoop-like lower sclerite, laterally supported on each side by a long, Y-shaped, curved sclerite; lateral membranous flaps with row of four large (progressively smaller from anterior to posterior), tooth-like lateral projections. FEMALE ABDOMEN. Female unknown. Remarks Parapterogramma dentatum sp. nov. and Pa. bicolor sp. nov. differ from congeners in having a uniformly coloured scutum, with microtomentum not forming distinct vittae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".